Macrophage infiltration into obese adipose tissues suppresses the induction of UCP1 level in mice.
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...Such BAT inflammation reportedly lowers the thermogenic potential of this tissue (359), presumably due to increased local insulin resistance (360, 362), which could reduce the glucose and fatty acid oxidizing capacity of BAT....
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Cites background from "Macrophage infiltration into obese ..."
...The precise mechanism by which adipocytes become insensitive to stimulation of -adrenergic receptors in obesity is as yet unknown and several possibilities have been suggested including reduced expression of -adrenergic receptors [138], reduced mitochondrial biogenesis [139], increased expression of TGF- receptor activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) [140] and reduced activity of post-receptor pathways [141]....
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References
7,536 citations
"Macrophage infiltration into obese ..." refers background in this paper
...Chronic inflammation of obese WAT can lead to the development of metabolic disorders (14, 15)....
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6,165 citations
"Macrophage infiltration into obese ..." refers background in this paper
...M1 M have been shown to secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF (19, 39), leading to insulin resistance (47)....
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4,046 citations
"Macrophage infiltration into obese ..." refers background in this paper
...M1 M have been shown to secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF (19, 39), leading to insulin resistance (47)....
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...Two populations of M have been recognized in adipose tissues: the classically activated M (M1 M ) that exhibit proinflammatory properties and the alternatively activated M (M2 M ) that display anti-inflammatory properties (19)....
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...3D) macrophages, which are considered to be M1 M (19) in the crown-like structures of the clodronate liposome-injected group....
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...Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the numbers of crown-like structures, which were considered to be the accumulation of immune cells such as M (19), were increased in IWAT of HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice....
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3,805 citations
"Macrophage infiltration into obese ..." refers background in this paper
...Numerous recent studies have indicated that adult humans maintain potentially active BAT, making this highly energetic tissue a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity (8, 35, 42, 44)....
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3,114 citations
"Macrophage infiltration into obese ..." refers background in this paper
...Numerous recent studies have indicated that adult humans maintain potentially active BAT, making this highly energetic tissue a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity (8, 35, 42, 44)....
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