Macroporous monolithic supports for affinity chromatography
TL;DR: This mini-review reports the contributions of several groups to the development of macroporous monoliths and their modification by immobilization of specific ligands on the products for their application in affinity chromatography.
Abstract: In the early 1990s, three research groups simultaneously developed continuous macroporous rod-shaped polymeric systems to eliminate the problem of flow through the interparticle spaces generally presented by the chromatography columns that use particles as filler. The great advantage of those materials, forming a continuous phase rod, is to increase the mass transfer by convective transport, as the mobile phase is forced to go through all means of separation, in contrast to particulate media where the mobile phase flows through the interparticle spaces. Due to their special characteristics, the monolithic polymers are used as base-supports in different separation techniques, those chromatographic processes being the most important and, to a greater extent, those involving the separation of biomolecules as in the case of affinity chromatography. This mini-review reports the contributions of several groups to the development of macroporous monoliths and their modification by immobilization of specific ligands on the products for their application in affinity chromatography.
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120 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This historical review briefly describes the principal stages of the studies on various cryogels and the peculiarities of cryotropic gel formation and discusses some mechanisms of their formation.
Abstract: Polymeric cryogels, the gels formed in moderately frozen gelling systems, have been empirically known for many decades, but systematic scientific research on various cryogels and the peculiarities of cryotropic gel formation only commenced at the beginning of the 1980s. This historical review briefly describes the principal stages of the studies on these very interesting gel materials. It also discusses some mechanisms of their formation, as well as summarizes published data on the main representatives of chemically crosslinked (covalent), ionically linked, and noncovalent (physical) cryogels.
106 citations
TL;DR: This review mainly focuses on development in the fields of preparation of hybrid monolithic columns in a capillary and their application for CEC and capillary liquid chromatography separation, as well as for sample pretreatment of solid‐phase microextraction and immobilized enzyme reactor since July 2010.
Abstract: Hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns, regarded as a second generation of silica-based monoliths, have received much interest due to their unique properties over the pure silica-based monoliths. This review mainly focuses on development in the fields of preparation of hybrid monolithic columns in a capillary and their application for CEC and capillary liquid chromatography separation, as well as for sample pretreatment of solid-phase microextraction and immobilized enzyme reactor since July 2010. The preparation approaches are comprehensively summarized with three routes: (i) general solgel process using trialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes as coprecursors; (ii) one-pot process of alkoxysilanes and organic monomers concomitantly proceeding solgel chemistry and free radical polymerization; and (iii) other polymerization approaches of organic monomers containing silanes. The modification of hybrid monoliths containing reactive groups to acquire the desired surface functionality is also described.
72 citations
TL;DR: The poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Cibacron Blue F3GA cryogel was optimized for using in the fast protein liquid chromatography system for rapid removal of the high abundant proteins from the human serum.
Abstract: Cibacron Blue F3GA was immobilized on poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel and it was used for selective and efficient depletion of albumin from human serum. The poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was selected as the basic component because of its inertness, mechanical strength, chemical and biological stability, and biocompatibility. Cibacron Blue F3GA was covalently attached to the poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel to produce poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Cibacron Blue F3GA cryogel affinity column. The poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Cibacron Blue F3GA cryogel was characterized with respect to gelation yield, swelling degree, total volume of macropores, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the maximum amount of adsorption (343 mg/g of dry cryogel) obtained from experimental results is very close to the calculated Langmuir adsorption capacity (345 mg/g of dry cryogel). The maximum adsorption capacity for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Cibacron Blue F3GA cryogel column was obtained as 950 mg/g of dry cryogel for nondiluted serum. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing dilution ratios while the depletion ratio of albumin remained as 77% in serum sample. Finally, the poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Cibacron Blue F3GA cryogel was optimized for using in the fast protein liquid chromatography system for rapid removal of the high abundant proteins from the human serum.
54 citations
TL;DR: The results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences are discussed.
Abstract: The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
39 citations
References
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TL;DR: Biologically active proteins and polypeptides can be coupled by various means to cellulose, starch and cross-linked polysaccharide gels such as ‘Sephadex’.
Abstract: Biologically active proteins and polypeptides can be coupled by various means to cellulose, starch and cross-linked polysaccharide gels such as ‘Sephadex’. The use of cyanogen halides for this purpose gives a high yield of bound polypeptide or protein which retains a substantial part of its activity.
1,997 citations
TL;DR: The general principles and potential applications of "affinity chromatography," a protein purification technique that is indispensable to modern biological research, are explained.
Abstract: In this article, Cuatrecasas, Wilchek, and Anfinsen explain the general principles and potential applications of "affinity
chromatography," a protein purification technique that is indispensable to modern biological research.
1,045 citations
TL;DR: This method of activation and coupling is gentle and therefore particularly useful for the production of immunosorbents and insoluble enzymes.
Abstract: WE have reported a method for transforming polysaccharides into reactive derivatives useful for coupling proteins to carbohydrates1 which consists in treating the polysaccharide with cyanogen halide. Imino carbonic acid esters are probably formed and these react with the primary amino groups of proteins and other substances. This method of activation and coupling is gentle and therefore particularly useful for the production of immunosorbents and insoluble enzymes.
887 citations
882 citations
TL;DR: The actual and potential performance of monolithic columns are compared with those of packed columns andMonolithic columns have considerable advantages, which makes them most useful in many applications of liquid chromatography.
782 citations