Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatic Gas Composition Reveals the Source Depth of Slug-Driven Strombolian Explosive Activity
Mike Burton,Mike Burton,Mike Burton,Patrick Allard,Patrick Allard,Patrick Allard,F. Murè,F. Murè,F. Murè,Alessandro La Spina,Alessandro La Spina,Alessandro La Spina +11 more
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TLDR
Spectroscopic measurements performed during both quiescent degassing and explosions on Stromboli volcano are used to demonstrate that gas slugs originate from as deep as the volcano-crust interface (∼3 kilometers), where both structural discontinuities and differential bubble-rise speed can promote slug coalescence.Abstract:
Strombolian-type eruptive activity, common at many volcanoes, consists of regular explosions driven by the bursting of gas slugs that rise faster than surrounding magma. Explosion quakes associated with this activity are usually localized at shallow depth; however, where and how slugs actually form remain poorly constrained. We used spectroscopic measurements performed during both quiescent degassing and explosions on Stromboli volcano (Italy) to demonstrate that gas slugs originate from as deep as the volcano-crust interface (∼3 kilometers), where both structural discontinuities and differential bubble-rise speed can promote slug coalescence. The observed decoupling between deep slug genesis and shallow (∼250-meter) explosion quakes may be a common feature of strombolian activity, determined by the geometry of plumbing systems.read more
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Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes
TL;DR: The role of CO2 degassing from the Earth is clearly fundamental to the stability of the climate, and therefore to life on Earth as discussed by the authors, but the uncertainty in our knowledge of this critical input into the geological carbon cycle led Berner and Lagasa (1989) to state that it is the most vexing problem facing us in understanding that cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halogens in volcanic systems
TL;DR: A review of recent advances in this field, including experimental and theoretical investigations of halogen behaviour in volcanic and related magmatic systems, including halogen abundances in the mantle and magmas on Earth, the effects of halogens on phase equilibria and melt viscosities, their partitioning between melt and fluid phase(s) upon decompression, cooling and crystallisation of magmas in the Earth's crust; and their final atmospheric release as volcanic gases are discussed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silicic magma reservoirs in the Earth's crust
Olivier Bachmann,Christian Huber +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on recent claims that magma columns within the Earth's crust are mostly kept at high crystallinity (mush zones) and that the dynamics within those mush columns, albeit modulated by external factors (e.g., regional stress field, rheology of the crust, pre-existing tectonic structure), play an important role in controlling how magmas evolve, degas, and ultimately erupt.
Journal ArticleDOI
Excess degassing from volcanoes and its role on eruptive and intrusive activity
TL;DR: In this paper, three mechanisms are proposed to explain various degassing modes, including eruption of bubble-accumulated magma, degassing of a convecting magma column, and permeable gas transportation from a deep magma chamber.
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The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions
Paul J. Wallace,Marie Edmonds +1 more
TL;DR: The major magmatic volatile components (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F) play an important role in the formation, evolution, and eruption of magma as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The dynamics of bubble formation and growth in magmas: A review and analysis
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical method has been developed to determine bubble growth rates during volcanic eruptions of basaltic and rhyolitic tephras, and the numerical solutions consider both diffusional and decompressional growth and the effects of magma ascent rates (0-400 cm s−1), magma viscosity (102 to 108 poise), gas solubility, gas content (0.25-5%), and gas diffusivity (10−6 to 10−9 cm2 s− 1) on growth rates.
Journal ArticleDOI
VOLATILECALC: a silicate melt-H 2 O-CO 2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel
Sally Newman,Jacob B. Lowenstern +1 more
TL;DR: The VOLATILECALC solution models for the rhyolite-H2O-CO2 and basalt-H 2 O-CO 2 systems at magmatic temperatures and pressures below ∼ 5000 bar are presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma on the earth and moon
Lionel Wilson,James W. Head +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the ascent and emplacement of basaltic magma on the earth and moon is modeled by the application of geological and physical observations and constraints, provided that allowance is made for the coalescence of gas bubbles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source mechanisms of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, determined from moment-tensor inversions of very-long-period data
Bernard Chouet,Phillip B. Dawson,Takao Ohminato,Marcello Martini,Gilberto Saccorotti,Flora Giudicepietro,Gaetano De Luca,Giuliano Milana,Roberto Scarpa +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, two source centroids are identified, each representative of the distinct event types associated with explosive eruptions from two different vents, and the two sources that best fit the data are offset 220 and 260 m beneath and 160 m northwest of the active vents, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli volcano
TL;DR: In this article, air-borne measurements of the plume flux of Stromboli volcano during 1980-93 show that the volcano emits very large amounts of gas, mostly by open-conduit degassing between explosive outbursts, while exuding little basalt.