Maloperation of Distance Relay under Faulty Conditions in presence of Static Synchronous Series Compensator
27 Apr 2019-pp 66-70
TL;DR: Performance of distance relay in the presence of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is studied under various fault conditions and results are presented to show influence of SSSC on mho characteristic ofdistance relay.
Abstract: With the advent of technology, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are popularly used to increase the power transmission capacity of transmission lines and for optimum utilization of power system capability which result into the substantial change in system dynamics. Change in system dynamics has an impact on protection of power system as there is drastic change in the net impedance of transmission line due to FACTS devices which gives rise to over-reaching or under-reaching problem in distance protection scheme. In this paper, performance of distance relay in the presence of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is studied under various fault conditions. A 400kV, 300km transmission line is designed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and results are presented to show influence of SSSC on mho characteristic of distance relay.
Citations
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TL;DR: An in-depth analysis of the effect of emulated reactance and resistance by SSSC-ES installed at the center of a hybrid series compensated line on the performance of distance relay and the possibility of mal-operation of distance protection are explored.
Abstract: A Static Synchronous Series Compensator incorporating energy storage device (SSSC-ES) at the DC bus enables the exchange of true power with the system in addition to line reactance compensation. This facilitates improved control of real and reactive power in a transmission system. However, the four-quadrant operation of SSSC presents additional problems for the accurate operation of conventional transmission line protection. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the effect of emulated reactance and resistance by SSSC-ES installed at the center of a hybrid series compensated line on the performance of distance relay is carried out. An investigation is performed with all possible operating modes and control strategies of SSSC-ES, and the possibility of mal-operation of distance protection are explored. A novel adaptive setting based on constant reactance and constant resistance emulation control strategy of SSSC is proposed for quadrilateral distance relay to prevent the mal-operation. MATLAB / SIMULINK is used for the simulation study.
9 citations
Cites background from "Maloperation of Distance Relay unde..."
...Efficacy of digital distance relay due to the operation of series FACTS controllers is studied in [9]–[11]....
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TL;DR: The results show the ability of the proposed method to compensate for the PST effect on the distance protection relays on the transmission lines, using the local measurements at the relay point.
3 citations
11 Apr 2016-International journal on innovative research in electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering
TL;DR: The simulation results show the effectiveness of reactance emulation of SSSC to regulate the receiving end voltage and thereby enhances the voltage regulation.
Abstract: The Voltage source converter(VSC) based series voltage compensator can inject a voltage in series with the transmission line. The component of injected voltage which is in quadrature with the line current emulates reactance. In this paper it is shown that the voltage at the receiving end is maintained constant by connecting Static Synchronous Series Compensator(SSSC) in series with the transmission line. If the receiving end voltage rises beyond the set voltage, the SSSC acts in inductive region by injecting voltage to lead the line current by 90° and the receiving end voltage is brought back to the set voltage. Similarly if the receiving end voltage reduces due to overloading it is brought back to the nominal voltage by making the SSSC to act in capacitive region by injecting voltage which lags the line current by 90°.The simulation results show the effectiveness of reactance emulation of SSSC to regulate the receiving end voltage and thereby enhances the voltage regulation.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the static Var compensator on the alteration of the actuation times and the reach of the protection zones of the transmission lines that compose the electric power systems is analyzed.
Abstract: The use of the static Var compensator in the power system allows for greater flexibility in controlling system variables. Therefore, electric power systems expansion investments can be delayed. Inserting the static Var compensator into the transmission line alters the power flow parameters and, consequently, the voltage and current amplitudes and angles in the system to which they are connected. This work analyzes the influence of the static Var compensator on the alteration of the actuation times and the reach of the protection zones of the transmission lines that compose the electric power systems. PSCAD/EMTDC software is used to perform all modeling of electrical and control components. After the modeling, disturbances are simulated in the system, and the ANSI 21 protection function is evaluated against these abnormalities in the scenario with and without the presence of static Var compensator. The results showed an underreach of the ANSI 21 function, given the disturbances from the perspective of static Var compensators presence.
References
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Book•
24 Dec 1999
TL;DR: The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)—a new technology based on power electronics—offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems.
4,217 citations
Book•
01 Dec 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a clear, in-depth explanation of voltage stability, covering both transient and longer-term phenomena and presenting proven solutions to instability problems, is presented, along with planning and operating guidelines, computer methods for power flow and dynamic simulation, and descriptions of actual voltage instability incidents.
Abstract: Voltage stability is a major concern in the planning and operation of electric power systems. This book provides a clear, in-depth explanation of voltage stability, covering both transient and longer-term phenomena and presenting proven solutions to instability problems. The book describes equipment characteristics for transmission, generation, and distribution/load subsystems of a power system, together with methods for the modelling of equipment. Readers will find static and dynamic computer simulation examples for small equivalent power systems and for a very large power system, plus an account of voltage stability associated with HVDC links. They will also get helpful planning and operating guidelines, computer methods for power flow and dynamic simulation, and descriptions of actual voltage instability incidents.
1,355 citations
17 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) based on silicon technology, which is a vision of the future based on the silicon science, which will surely revolutionize the power system.
Abstract: For economic reasons most if not all of the worlds electric power supply are widely interconnected, involving interconnections inside utilities own territories which extend to inter-utility interconnections and then to inter-regionals. The author describes how with this in mind, the Electric Power Research Institute representing the collaborative R&D arm of the US utilities, has put forward a concept, a vision of the future based on silicon science, called flexible AC transmission system (FACTS). While some of the relevant technology i.e., static VAR compensation is already in wide use, the FACTS concept has brought to the table a tremendous potential for thyristor based controllers which will surely revolutionize the power system. >
368 citations
"Maloperation of Distance Relay unde..." refers background in this paper
...However, stability limits decide the maximum power transfer capability of long transmission lines [2-3]....
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01 Jan 2015
343 citations
"Maloperation of Distance Relay unde..." refers background in this paper
...Control of active and reactive power flow and bus voltage levels is one of the vital factors in the reliable and efficient development of electrical power system [1]....
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TL;DR: The concept of security regions is used to systematically and objectively compare the impact of various FACTS devices on the behaviour of power systems.
Abstract: The concept of security regions is used to systematically and objectively compare the impact of various FACTS devices on the behaviour of power systems. Scalar measures of the steady-state performance of a power system with FACTS devices are used to quantify this impact. Such measures are obtained by solving an optimal power flow within the constraints of the security region. The concept of the ideal FACTS device is introduced as a means to establish a theoretical upper bound on the performance of any realizable FACTS. Such a device is tested and compared against nonideal FACTS including the variable series reactance and the variable phase-shifter. Simulations on the IEEE 118 and 30 bus networks illustrate the above concepts.
227 citations