Mangifera Indica (Mango)
TL;DR: It is indicated this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects, and clinical trials using mango for a variety of conditions should also be conducted.
Abstract: Mangifera indica, commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. Although review articles on this plant are already published, but this review article is presented to compile all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed widely by different methods. Studies indicate mango possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. Various effects like antibacterial, anti fungal, anthelmintic, anti parasitic, anti tumor, anti HIV, antibone resorption, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, antiallergic, immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, anti microbial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective have also been studied. These studies are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. Clinical trials using mango for a variety of conditions should also be conducted.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a simple one-pot microwave-assisted green-synthesis route for the fabrication of bright red-luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using ethanolic extracts of Mangifera indica (mango) leaves was reported.
Abstract: We report a simple one-pot microwave-assisted green-synthesis route for the fabrication of bright red-luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using ethanolic extracts of Mangifera indica (mango) leaves, hence addressing them as mGQDs. The mGQDs were quantum-sized ranging from 2 to 8 nm and exhibited excitation-independent fluorescence emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region between 650 and 750 nm. The mGQDs showed defects in their structure and were highly crystalline in nature as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and powdered X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. These mGQDs showed 100% cellular uptake and excellent biocompatibility on L929 cells even at high concentration (0.1 mg/mL) 24 h post-treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed increased proliferation in L929 cells upon mGQDs treatment. Furthermore, the mGQDs were demonstrated as NIR-responsive fluorescent bioimaging probes, self-localizing themselves selectively in the cell cytoplasm. Also, the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity of t...
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mild steel corrosion inhibition in 1 1/M HCl solution containing Mangifera indica (mango) (M. indica) leaves extract was examined by electrochemical and surface studies.
Abstract: The mild steel corrosion inhibition in 1 M HCl solution containing Mangifera indica (mango) (M. indica) leaves extract was examined by electrochemical and surface studies. The presence of many active components with aromatic and oxygen containing functional groups in the extract of M. indica was shown by transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). Results revealed that with increasing inhibitor concentration and immersion time the inhibition efficiency increased and reached the maximum value of 92% after 24 h in the presence of 1000 ppm inhibitor. It was shown that in the presence of M. indica extract both iron anodic dissolution rate and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction rate efficiently decreased reflecting a mixed inhibition action. The inhibitor adsorption on mild steel followed a Langmuir isotherm. Surface studies revealed the inhibitor film formation on the iron surface resulting in the surface damage decline and increase of hydrophobicity. Also, the theoretical results confirmed the inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface through its reactive sites.
193 citations
TL;DR: The export potential and international trade of mango is limited due to several factors such as its perishable nature, disease and pest infestation, and susceptibility of certain premium cultivars to chilling injury when stored at low temperatures.
Abstract: Mango is one of the choicest fruits in the world and popular due to its delicate taste, pleasant aroma and nutritional value. Mango is indigenous to north-east India and north Burma, but now grown in over 90 countries. In the past two decades, mango production has increased appreciably with international trade jumping approximately four-fold valued close to US$ 950 million. Mango belongs to the category of climacteric fruits and its ripening is initiated and proceeded by a burst in ethylene production and a dramatic rise in the rate of respiration. Although there are a few hundred mango cultivars grown in the Indian subcontinent and other parts of the world, the most popular cultivars are generally highly perishable and ripen within 7 to 9 days of harvest at ambient temperature. Currently, the export potential and international trade of mango is limited due to several factors such as its perishable nature, disease and pest infestation, and susceptibility of certain premium cultivars to chilling injury whe...
149 citations
Cites background from "Mangifera Indica (Mango)"
...…has been achieved in development of in vitro propagation and somatic embryogenesis of several different mango genotypes (Raghuvanshi and Srivastava, 1995; Ara et al., 2000; Patena et al., 2002; Chaturvedi et al., 2004; Xiao et al., 2004; Litz and Gomez-Lim, 2005; Hare Krishna and Singh, 2007)....
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...Some success has been achieved in development of in vitro propagation and somatic embryogenesis of several different mango genotypes (Raghuvanshi and Srivastava, 1995; Ara et al., 2000; Patena et al., 2002; Chaturvedi et al., 2004; Xiao et al., 2004; Litz and Gomez-Lim, 2005; Hare Krishna and Singh, 2007)....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive study on ethnopharmacological applications, pharmacological activities, and bioactive compounds of M. indica has been described.
Abstract: Mangifera indica (family Anacardiaceae), commonly known as mango, is a pharmacologically, ethnomedically, and phytochemically diverse plant. Various parts of M. indica tree have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments, and a number of bioactive phytochemical constituents of M. indica have been reported, namely, polyphenols, terpenes, sterols, carotenoids, vitamins, and amino acids, and so forth. Several studies have proven the pharmacological potential of different parts of mango trees such as leaves, bark, fruit peel and flesh, roots, and flowers as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiplasmodial, and antihyperlipemic. In the present review, a comprehensive study on ethnopharmacological applications, pharmacological activities, and bioactive compounds of M. indica has been described.
117 citations
Cites background from "Mangifera Indica (Mango)"
...Flowering season is mainly from January to April and most of the flowers are subsessile and have a sweet smell....
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...Isomangiferin Bark [60] and leaves [152]...
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...Bark....
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...Linalool Flowers [60], leaves [60], and fruits [123]...
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...Linalool Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [139]...
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TL;DR: It is suggested that phytochemicals from the ML could provide bioactive anti-infective and needs further investigation to isolate and uncover their therapeutic efficacy.
Abstract: Quorum sensing (QS) is a global gene regulatory mechanism in bacteria for various traits including virulence factors. Disabling QS system with anti-infective agent is considered as a potential strategy to prevent bacterial infection. Mangifera indica L. (mango) has been shown to possess various biological activities including anti-QS. This study investigates the efficacy of leaf extracts on QS-regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation in Gram negative pathogens. Mango leaf (ML) extract was tested for QS inhibition and QS-regulated virulence factors using various indicator strains. It was further correlated with the biofilm inhibition and confirmed by electron microscopy. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In vitro evaluation of anti-QS activity of ML extracts against Chromobacterium violaceum revealed promising dose-dependent interference in violacein production, by methanol extract. QS inhibitory activity is also demonstrated by reduction in elastase (76%), total protease (56%), pyocyanin (89%), chitinase (55%), exopolysaccharide production (58%) and swarming motility (74%) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 at 800 μg/ml concentration. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and Aeromonas hydrophila WAF38 was reduced considerably (36-82%) over control. The inhibition of biofilm was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, ML extracts significantly reduced mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans pre-infected with PAO1 at the tested concentration. Phytochemical analysis of active extracts revealed very high content of phenolics in methanol extract and a total of 14 compounds were detected by GC-MS and UPLC. These findings suggest that phytochemicals from the ML could provide bioactive anti-infective and needs further investigation to isolate and uncover their therapeutic efficacy.
112 citations
Cites background from "Mangifera Indica (Mango)"
...In an ongoing screening program we have identified some potential anti-QS plants including Mangifera indica L. Mangifera indica L. (Mango; family Anacardiaceae) has been shown to possess various medicinal properties (Shah et al., 2010)....
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References
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TL;DR: The main goal of this review is to include a fresh consideration of pathways involved in hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications, and suggest the possibility of regulation of mitochondrial function at a transcriptional level in response to hyper glycemia.
Abstract: Hyperglycemia resulting from uncontrolled glucose regulation is widely recognized as the causal link between diabetes and diabetic complications. Four major molecular mechanisms have been implicated in hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage: activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms via de novo synthesis of the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), increased hexosamine pathway flux, increased advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, and increased polyol pathway flux. Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide is the causal link between high glucose and the pathways responsible for hyperglycemic damage. In fact, diabetes is typically accompanied by increased production of free radicals and/or impaired antioxidant defense capabilities, indicating a central contribution for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the onset, progression, and pathological consequences of diabetes. Besides oxidative stress, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated a link between various disturbances in mitochondrial functioning and type 2 diabetes. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and decreases in mtDNA copy number have been linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The study of the relationship of mtDNA to type 2 diabetes has revealed the influence of the mitochondria on nuclear-encoded glucose transporters, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and nuclear-encoded uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in β-cell glucose toxicity. This review focuses on a range of mitochondrial factors important in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We review the published literature regarding the direct effects of hyperglycemia on mitochondrial function and suggest the possibility of regulation of mitochondrial function at a transcriptional level in response to hyperglycemia. The main goal of this review is to include a fresh consideration of pathways involved in hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications.
926 citations
"Mangifera Indica (Mango)" refers background in this paper
...It has been reported that long standing hyperglycaemia with diabetes mellitus leads to the formation of advanced glycosylated end-products which are involved in the generation of ROS, leading to oxidative damage, particularly to heart and kidney.[33]...
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TL;DR: The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption.
Abstract: During normal cellular activities, various processes inside of cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some of the most common ROS are hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide ion (O(2)(-)), and hydroxide radical (OH(-)). These compounds, when present in a high enough concentration, can damage cellular proteins and lipids or form DNA adducts that may promote carcinogenic activity. The purpose of antioxidants in a physiological setting is to prevent ROS concentrations from reaching a high-enough level within a cell that damage may occur. Cellular antioxidants may be enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) or nonenzymatic (glutathione, thiols, some vitamins and metals, or phytochemicals such as isoflavones, polyphenols, and flavanoids). Reactive oxygen species are a potential double-edged sword in disease prevention and promotion. Whereas generation of ROS once was viewed as detrimental to the overall health of the organism, advances in research have shown that ROS play crucial roles in normal physiological processes including response to growth factors, the immune response, and apoptotic elimination of damaged cells. Notwithstanding these beneficial functions, aberrant production or regulation of ROS activity has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of some prevalent diseases and conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption. In normal physiological processes, antioxidants effect signal transduction and regulation of proliferation and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species have been linked to cancer and CVD, and antioxidants have been considered promising therapy for prevention and treatment of these diseases, especially given the tantalizing links observed between diets high in fruits and vegetables (and presumably antioxidants) and decreased risks for cancer.
812 citations
"Mangifera Indica (Mango)" refers background in this paper
...Reactive oxygen species (ROS) possess a strong oxidizing effect and induce damage to biological molecules, including proteins, lipids and DNA, with concomitant changes in their structure and function.[17] The major nutritional antioxidants, vitamin E, vitamin C and β-carotene, may be benefi cial to prevent several chronic disorders[18] considerable interest has arisen in the possible reinforcement of antioxidant defenses, both for chemoprevention and treatment purposes....
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TL;DR: Seven plants contain antioxidant principles, that can explain and justify their use in traditional medicine in the past as well as the present, and are viewed for their historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects.
Abstract: A lot of medicinal plants, traditionally used for thousands of years, are present in a group of herbal preparations of the Indian traditional health care system (Ayurveda) named Rasayana proposed for their interesting antioxidant activities. Among the medicinal plants used in ayurvedic Rasayana for their therapeutic action, some of these have been throughly investigated. In the present paper seven plants (Emblica officinalis L., Curcuma longa L., Mangifera indica L., Momordica charantia L., Santalum album L., Swertia chirata Buch-Ham, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) are viewed for their historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. The plants described contain antioxidant principles, that can explain and justify their use in traditional medicine in the past as well as the present. In order to identify the plants with antioxidant activity in Ayurveda, a formulation of some rasayanas with well defined antioxidant properties has been examinated. For this purpose, we have considered Sharma's work on the preparation MAK4, MAK5, MA631, MA 471, MA Raja's Cup, MA Student Rasayana, MA Ladies Rasayana.
801 citations
"Mangifera Indica (Mango)" refers background in this paper
...The bark is reported to contain protocatechic acid, catechin, mangiferin [Figure 1], alanine, glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, kinic acid, shikimic acid and the tetracyclic triterpenoids cycloart-24-en-3β,26diol, 3-ketodammar-24 (E)-en20S,26-diol, C-24 epimers of cycloart-25 en 3β,24, 27-triol and cycloartan-3β,24,27-triol.[1]...
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TL;DR: The science base that underpins the argument that oxidative damage is a significant causative factor in the development of human diseases and that antioxidants are capable of preventing or ameliorating these disease processes is assessed critically.
Abstract: This paper assesses critically the science base that underpins the argument that oxidative damage is a significant causative factor in the development of human diseases and that antioxidants are capable of preventing or ameliorating these disease processes. The assessment has been carried out under a number of headings, and some recommendations for future research are made based on the present day knowledge base. The knowledge database (1) Consideration of the basic science that underlies understanding of the role of free radicals in causing cellular pathologies, and the role of antioxidants in preventing this, shows that an imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence systems may lead to chemical modifications of biologically relevant macromolecules. This imbalance provides a logical pathobiochemical mechanism for the initiation and development of several disease states. Experimental data obtained in vivo provide evidence that antioxidants function in systems that scavenge reactive oxygen species and that these are relevant to what occurs in vivo. The relevance in vivo of these observations depends inter alia on knowledge of the uptake and distribution of the antioxidant within the human body, and on what tissue levels of the antioxidant may be expected in relation to dietary levels. (2) There is some way to go until validated precise methods are available for measuring biomarkers of oxidative damage in human subjects in vivo under minimally invasive conditions. With respect to oxidative damage in DNa, HPLC and GC-mass spectrophotometry methods have both merits and limitations. Lipid oxidation products in plasma are best measured as isoprostanes or as lipid hydroperoxides using specific HPLC techniques. Development of isoprostane measurement will advance specificity and precision. The measurement of oxidative damage to proteins has some potential but such methods have not been effectively exploited. (3) Epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that the major antioxidant nutrients vitamin E and vitamin C, and beta-carotene (which may or may not be acting as an antioxidant in vivo), may play a beneficial role in prevention of several chronic disorders. More research is needed on the impact of other non-nutrient compounds, such as other carotenoids and flavonoids, on human health. In general, human intervention studies using hard end-points are the gold standard. Trials are restricted mainly to the major antioxidants and do not allow firm conclusions because of inconsistent findings, an insufficient number of studies and the use of varying doses. There is evidence that large doses of beta-carotene may be deleterious to the health of certain subgroups of the population such as heavy habitual smokers. (4) With respect to the safety of administration of supplementary vitamins, vitamin C is safe at levels of supplementation up to 600 mg/d, and higher levels, up to 2000 mg/d, are without risk. Vitamin E has a very low human toxicity and an intake of 1000 mg/d is without risk; 3200 mg/d has been shown to be without any consistent risk. Large intakes of beta-carotene must be viewed with caution because they have been shown to confer detriment to a population at high risk of lung cancer when administered after many years of high risk (smoking) behaviour. Until further work clarifies the situation in heavy smokers with respect to taking supplements, larger doses should be avoided by such individuals. There is little reliable information about the human toxicology of flavonoids and related non-nutrient antioxidant constituents of the diet. (5) The food industry has long experience in the control of oxidative damage in foods and this experience can be used to advantage for the protection of food antioxidants which are beneficial. Some of these, such as vitamins C and E and beta-carotene, are well known, and strategies for their protection in foods are already exploited by food technologies. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
801 citations
"Mangifera Indica (Mango)" refers background in this paper
...[17] The major nutritional antioxidants, vitamin E, vitamin C and β-carotene, may be benefi cial to prevent several chronic disorders[18] considerable interest has arisen in the possible reinforcement of antioxidant defenses, both for chemoprevention and treatment purposes....
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TL;DR: In contrast to previous studies in which smaller numbers of patients underwent the procedure, fine needle aspiration was found to be very helpful in the assessment of these lesions, having a sensitivity of 73% in diagnosing malignancy.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Seventeen patients presenting with a cystic cervical metastasis were identified after either having undergone excision of a cyst, initially diagnosed as a branchial cyst but subsequently found to be malignant, or after having had fluid aspirated from a neck mass that ultimately proved to be malignant while undergoing fine needle aspiration biopsy.METHODS: Patients had primary cancer documented at a variety of primary sites, including hypopharynx (3 patients), oropharynx (2 patients), lower lip (2 patients), nasopharynx, supraglottis, oral cavity, and prostate (1 patient each). Six cases (35%) remained occult.RESULTS: In nearly half of the cases (8 of 17), there was no evidence of the primary cancer at presentation. In the same period, 25 branchial cysts were encountered, giving an incidence of unsuspected carcinoma in cervical cysts of 24% (8 of 33).CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies in which smaller numbers of patients underwent the procedure, we found fine needle aspiration to be ve...
545 citations