Book•
Manufacturing Automation: Metal Cutting Mechanics, Machine Tool Vibrations, and CNC Design
13 Apr 2000-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the application of metal cutting to manufacturing problems, including the design of real-time trajectory generation and interpolation algorithms, and CNC-oriented error analysis.
Abstract: Metal cutting is a widely used method of producing manufactured products. The technology of metal cutting has advanced considerably along with new materials, computers, and sensors. This new edition treats the scientific principles of metal cutting and their practical application to manufacturing problems. It begins with metal cutting mechanics, principles of vibration, and experimental modal analysis applied to solving shop floor problems. Notable is the in-depth coverage of chatter vibrations, a problem experienced daily by manufacturing engineers. The essential topics of programming, design, and automation of CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools, NC (numerical control) programming, and CAD/CAM technology are discussed. The text also covers the selection of drive actuators, feedback sensors, modeling and control of feed drives, the design of real time trajectory generation and interpolation algorithms, and CNC-oriented error analysis in detail. Each chapter includes examples drawn from industry, design projects, and homework problems. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practicing engineers.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A survey of the current efforts in mechanical micro-machining research and applications, especially for micromilling operations, can be found in this paper, where the authors suggest areas from macro-milling that should be examined and researched for application to the improvement of micro-mechanical cutting processes.
Abstract: The miniaturization of machine components is perceived by many as a requirement for the future technological development of a broad spectrum of products. Miniature components can provide smaller footprints, lower power consumption and higher heat transfer, since their surface-to-volume ratio is very high. To create these components, micro-meso-scale fabrication using miniaturized mechanical material removal processes has a unique advantage in creating 3D components using a variety of engineering materials. The motivation for micro-mechanical cutting stems from the translation of the knowledge obtained from the macro-machining domain to the micro-domain. However, there are challenges and limitations to micro-machining, and simple scaling cannot be used to model the phenomena of micro-machining operations. This paper surveys the current efforts in mechanical micro-machining research and applications, especially for micro-milling operations, and suggests areas from macro-machining that should be examined and researched for application to the improvement of micro-machining processes.
690 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quintic spline trajectory generation algorithm was proposed to generate continuous position, velocity, and acceleration profiles. But the spline interpolation is realized with a novel approach that eliminates feedrate fluctuations due to parametrization errors, resulting in trapezoidal acceleration profiles along the toolpath.
Abstract: Reference trajectory generation plays a key role in the computer control of machine tools. Generated trajectories must not only describe the desired tool path accurately, but must also have smooth kinematic profiles in order to maintain high tracking accuracy, and avoid exciting the natural modes of the mechanical structure or servo control system. Spline trajectory generation techniques have become widely adopted in machining aerospace parts, dies, and molds for this reason; they provide a more continuous feed motion compared to multiple linear or circular segments and result in shorter machining time, as well as better surface geometry. This paper presents a quintic spline trajectory generation algorithm that produces continuous position, velocity, and acceleration profiles. The spline interpolation is realized with a novel approach that eliminates feedrate fluctuations due to parametrization errors. Smooth accelerations and decelerations are obtained by imposing limits on the first and second time derivatives of feedrate, resulting in trapezoidal acceleration profiles along the toolpath. Finally, the reference trajectory generated with varying interpolation period is re-sampled at the servo loop closure period using fifth order polynomials, which enable the original kinematic profiles to be preserved. The proposed trajectory generation algorithm has been tested in machining a wing surface on a three axis milling machine, controlled with an in house developed open architecture CNC.
519 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the current state of virtual machine tool technology and related ongoing research challenges, and present both the summary of current and past research, as well as research challenges in order to realize a fully digitized model of the machine tool.
453 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the state-of-the-art in sensors and signal processing methodologies used for tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems in industrial machining applications.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in sensors and signal processing methodologies used for tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems in industrial machining applications. The paper focuses on the technologies used in monitoring conventional cutting operations, including drilling, turning, end milling and face milling, and presents important findings related to each of these fields. Unlike existing reviews, which categorize results according to the methodology used, this paper presents results organized according to the type of machining operation carried out. By extensively reviewing and categorizing over one hundred important papers and articles, this paper is able to identify and comment on trends in TCM research, and to identify potential weaknesses in certain areas. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations for future research based on the trends and successful results observed, thus facilitating the cross-fertilization of ideas and techniques within the field of TCM research.
294 citations
Cites background or methods from "Manufacturing Automation: Metal Cut..."
...This is due to the geometry of both the cutters and the operation itself, both of which are described in [ 11 ] in more detail....
[...]
...Significant work has been carried out in the field of machine tool modelling [ 11 , 48, 97, 98]....
[...]
...In orthogonal cutting, the single cutting edge is oriented perpendicular to the cutting direction, but parallel to the workpiece, while in oblique cutting the cutting edge is oriented at an inclination to the workpiece [ 11 , 12]....
[...]
...End milling cutters come in a wide variety of geometries, including taper, ball-nose and square-nose, or cylindrical, end mills, with the geometry used being dictated by operational requirements [ 11 ]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the underline mechanism and theoretical analysis to provide physical understanding for the onset of chatter problem and principles to prevent that, and the guidelines of process configuration and parameter selections to achieve chatter free machining operation.
266 citations
References
More filters
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The Diskette v 2.06, 3.5''[1.44M] for IBM PC, PS/2 and compatibles [DOS] Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Note: Includes bibliographical references, 3 appendixes and 2 indexes.- Diskette v 2.06, 3.5''[1.44M] for IBM PC, PS/2 and compatibles [DOS] Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
19,881 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: This comprehensive treatment of the analysis and design of continuous-time control systems provides a gradual development of control theory and shows how to solve all computational problems with MATLAB.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This comprehensive treatment of the analysis and design of continuous-time control systems provides a gradual development of control theoryand shows how to solve all computational problems with MATLAB. It avoids highly mathematical arguments, and features an abundance of examples and worked problems throughout the book. Chapter topics include the Laplace transform; mathematical modeling of mechanical systems, electrical systems, fluid systems, and thermal systems; transient and steady-state-response analyses, root-locus analysis and control systems design by the root-locus method; frequency-response analysis and control systems design by the frequency-response; two-degrees-of-freedom control; state space analysis of control systems and design of control systems in state space.
6,634 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: This unified survey focuses on linear discrete-time systems and explores the natural extensions to nonlinear systems and summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of a large class of adaptive algorithms.
Abstract: This unified survey focuses on linear discrete-time systems and explores the natural extensions to nonlinear systems. In keeping with the importance of computers to practical applications, the authors emphasize discrete-time systems. Their approach summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of a large class of adaptive algorithms.1984 edition.
4,293 citations
TL;DR: A novel method—generalized predictive control or GPC—is developed which is shown by simulation studies to be superior to accepted techniques such as generalized minimum-variance and pole-placement and to be a contender for general self-tuning applications.
3,576 citations
Book•
01 Dec 1984
TL;DR: A survey of the technology of modal testing, a new method for describing the vibration properties of a structure by constructing mathematical models based on test data rather than using conventional theoretical analysis.
Abstract: A survey of the technology of modal testing, a new method for describing the vibration properties of a structure by constructing mathematical models based on test data rather than using conventional theoretical analysis. Shows how to build a detailed mathematical model of a test structure and analyze and modify the structure to improve its dynamics. Covers techniques for measuring the mode, shapes, and frequencies of practical structures from turbine blades to suspension bridges.
2,525 citations