MAPK3/1 (ERK1/2) in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Are Essential for Female Fertility
Heng-Yu Fan,Zhilin Liu,Masayuki Shimada,Esta Sterneck,Peter F. Johnson,Stephen M. Hedrick,JoAnne S. Richards +6 more
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TLDR
Targeted disruption of the kinases ERK1 and ERK2 in mouse granulosa cells provides in vivo evidence that these kinases are necessary for LH-induced oocyte resumption of meiosis, ovulation, and luteinization-related events.Abstract:
A surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland triggers ovulation, oocyte maturation, and luteinization for successful reproduction in mammals. Because the signaling molecules RAS and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2) are activated by an LH surge in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles, we disrupted Erk1/2 in mouse granulosa cells and provide in vivo evidence that these kinases are necessary for LH-induced oocyte resumption of meiosis, ovulation, and luteinization. In addition, biochemical analyses and selected disruption of the Cebpb gene in granulosa cells demonstrate that C/EBPβ (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein–β) is a critical downstream mediator of ERK1/2 activation. Thus, ERK1/2 and C/EBPβ constitute an in vivo LH-regulated signaling pathway that controls ovulation- and luteinization-related events.read more
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The mammalian ovary from genesis to revelation
TL;DR: Two major functions of the mammalian ovary are the production of germ cells (oocytes), which allow continuation of the species, and the generation of bioactive molecules, primarily steroids and progestins and peptide growth factors, which are critical for ovarian function, regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and development of secondary sex characteristics.
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The ovary: basic biology and clinical implications.
TL;DR: The classical view of ovarian development is that it is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the release of the gonadotropic hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and that ovarian steroids exert both negative and positive regulatory effects on GnRH secretion.
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Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation
TL;DR: This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge of the molecular events triggered by LH focusing mostly on the signaling pathways required for oocyte maturation.
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Reactive oxygen species are indispensable in ovulation
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that ovarian production of ROS is an essential preovulatory signaling event, most probably transiently triggered by LH, and administration of broad-range scavengers of oxidative species into the ovarian bursa of mice significantly reduced the rate of ovulation.
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Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes
F. K. Albuz,M. Sasseville,Michelle Lane,David T. Armstrong,Jeremy G. Thompson,Robert B. Gilchrist +5 more
TL;DR: SPOM is a new approach to IVM, mimicing some characteristics of oocyte maturation in vivo and substantially improving oocyte developmental outcomes, which should have significant implications for infertility management and bring important benefits to patients.
References
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EGF-like growth factors as mediators of LH action in the ovulatory follicle.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that LH stimulation induces the transient and sequential expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members amphiregulin, epire gulin, and beta-cellulin, which are paracrine mediators that propagate the LH signal throughout the follicle.
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Intercellular Communication in the Mammalian Ovary: Oocytes Carry the Conversation
TL;DR: It is established that bidirectional communication between the oocyte and companion somatic cells is essential for development of an egg competent to undergo fertilization and embryogenesis and the challenge for the future is to identify the factors that participate in this communication and their mechanisms of action.
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Defective Thymocyte Maturation in p44 MAP Kinase (Erk 1) Knockout Mice
Gilles Pagès,Sandrine Guérin,Dominique Grall,Frédéric Bonino,Austin Smith,Fabienne Anjuère,Patrick Auberger,Jacques Pouysségur +7 more
TL;DR: In p44 MAPK-/- thymocytes, proliferation in response to activation with a monoclonal antibody to the T cell receptor in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate was severely reduced even though activation of p42 MAPK was more sustained in these cells.
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Paracrine and autocrine regulation of epidermal growth factor-like factors in cumulus oocyte complexes and granulosa cells: key roles for prostaglandin synthase 2 and progesterone receptor.
TL;DR: In COCs, AREG not only induced genes that impact matrix formation but also genes involved in steroidogenesis and immune cell-like functions (Pdcd1, Runx1, Cd52), and FSH-mediated induction of Areg mRNA via p38MAPK precedes AREG induction of Ptgs2 mRNA via ERK1/2 precedes were recorded.
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An essential role for c/ebpbeta in female reproduction
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mice carrying a targeted deletion of the C/EBP beta gene exhibit reproductive defects and is established as a critical downstream target of G-protein-coupled LH receptor signaling and one of the first transcription factors, other than steroid hormone receptors, known to be required for ovarian follicle development in vivo.