Mapping the potentials of regions in Europe to contribute to new knowledge production in Industry 4.0 technologies

doi:10.1080/00343404.2021.1900557

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Mapping the potentials of regions in Europe to contribute to new knowledge production in Industry 4.0 technologies

Journal Article•DOI•

Mapping the potentials of regions in Europe to contribute to new knowledge production in Industry 4.0 technologies

Pierre-Alexandre Balland¹, Ron Boschma²•Institutions (2)

Utrecht University¹, University of Stavanger²

06 Apr 2021-Regional Studies (Informa UK Ltd. (Taylor & Francis))-Vol. 55, pp 1652-1666

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the future Industry 40 technology (I4T) centers of knowledge production in Europe, where they expect I4Ts to thrive in regions where they can draw on local capabilities in I4T-

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Abstract: This paper aims to identify the future Industry 40 technology (I4T) centres of knowledge production in Europe We expect I4Ts to thrive in regions where they can draw on local capabilities in I4T-

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Journal Article•DOI•

Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor

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Daron Acemoglu¹, Pascual Restrepo²•Institutions (2)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology¹, Boston University²

21 Mar 2019-Journal of Economic Perspectives

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework for understanding the effects of automation and other types of technological changes on labor demand, and use it to interpret changes in US employment over the recent past.

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Abstract: We present a framework for understanding the effects of automation and other types of technological changes on labor demand, and use it to interpret changes in US employment over the recent past. At the center of our framework is the allocation of tasks to capital and labor—the task content of production. Automation, which enables capital to replace labor in tasks it was previously engaged in, shifts the task content of production against labor because of a displacement effect. As a result, automation always reduces the labor share in value added and may reduce labor demand even as it raises productivity. The effects of automation are counterbalanced by the creation of new tasks in which labor has a comparative advantage. The introduction of new tasks changes the task content of production in favor of labor because of a reinstatement effect, and always raises the labor share and labor demand. We show how the role of changes in the task content of production—due to automation and new tasks—can be inferred from industry-level data. Our empirical decomposition suggests that the slower growth of employment over the last three decades is accounted for by an acceleration in the displacement effect, especially in manufacturing, a weaker reinstatement effect, and slower growth of productivity than in previous decades.

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537 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

High-Tech America: The What, How, Where, and Why of the Sunrise Industries

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R. J. Buswell, Ann Markusen

01 Jul 1987-The Geographical Journal

217 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970

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Margaret Pugh O'Mara¹•Institutions (1)

Stanford University¹

01 Dec 2006-The Journal of American History

69 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Regions and trademarks: research opportunities and policy insights from leveraging trademarks in regional innovation studies

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Carolina Castaldi, Sandro Mendonça

04 Jan 2022-Regional Studies

TL;DR: This paper identified at least two directions for further research: the geography of innovation/entrepreneurship and regional specialization/diversification, which emerge from a dedicated special issue in Regional Studies (to which this paper also serves as an editorial), but also unfold in emerging research and policy trajectories.

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Abstract: ABSTRACT At the intersection of regional and innovation studies, trademark research is producing stylized facts, methodological lessons and policy insights underlining the importance of softer intangible assets for regional resilience and growth. Despite all the recent attention, there are still several opportunities that the present agenda-framing piece tries to canvas, identifying at least two directions for further research: the geography of innovation/entrepreneurship and regional specialization/diversification. Not only do these emerge from a dedicated special issue in Regional Studies (to which this paper also serves as an editorial), but they also unfold in emerging research and policy trajectories.

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15 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

4.0 Technologies and the rise of new islands of innovation in European regions

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Roberta Capello¹, Camilla Lenzi¹•Institutions (1)

Polytechnic University of Milan¹

15 Sep 2021-Regional Studies

TL;DR: The Fourth Technological Revolution has become a reality and profound changes and restructuring in the markets for 4.0 technologies are taking place with important spatial consequences as mentioned in this paper, and the paper d...

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Abstract: The Fourth Technological Revolution has become a reality and profound changes and restructuring in the markets for 4.0 technologies are taking place with important spatial consequences. The paper d...

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14 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?

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Carl Benedikt Frey¹, Michael A. Osborne¹•Institutions (1)

University of Oxford¹

01 Jan 2017-Technological Forecasting and Social Change

TL;DR: In this paper, a Gaussian process classifier was used to estimate the probability of computerisation for 702 detailed occupations, and the expected impacts of future computerisation on US labour market outcomes, with the primary objective of analyzing the number of jobs at risk and the relationship between an occupations probability of computing, wages and educational attainment.

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4,853 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations

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César A. Hidalgo¹, César A. Hidalgo², Bailey Klinger¹, Bailey Klinger², Albert-László Barabási², Albert-László Barabási¹, Ricardo Hausmann², Ricardo Hausmann¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

University of Notre Dame¹, Harvard University²

27 Jul 2007-Science

TL;DR: This study studies this network of relatedness between products, or “product space,” finding that more-sophisticated products are located in a densely connected core whereas less-sophile products occupy a less-connected periphery.

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Abstract: Economies grow by upgrading the products they produce and export. The technology, capital, institutions, and skills needed to make newer products are more easily adapted from some products than from others. Here, we study this network of relatedness between products, or “product space,” finding that more-sophisticated products are located in a densely connected core whereas less-sophisticated products occupy a less-connected periphery. Empirically, countries move through the product space by developing goods close to those they currently produce. Most countries can reach the core only by traversing empirically infrequent distances, which may help explain why poor countries have trouble developing more competitive exports and fail to converge to the income levels of rich countries.

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2,152 citations

"Mapping the potentials of regions i..." refers background in this paper

...The regional diversification literature (Hidalgo et al., 2007; Neffke et al., 2011) claims that regional capabilities condition which new activities will be feasible to develop in regions, and which ones will not: regions are more likely to develop new activities related to their existing…...
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...Following Hidalgo et al. (2007), Rigby (2015) and Balland et al. (2019), the density of knowledge production around a given I4T i in region r at time t is derived from the technological relatedness wi,j,t of technology i to all other technologies j (I4Ts and non-I4Ts) in which the region has a…...
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...There are different ways of assessing the relatedness between activities (Boschma, 2017; Freire, 2017; Hidalgo et al., 2007)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Industry 4.0: A Survey on Technologies, Applications and Open Research Issues

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Yang Lu¹, Yang Lu²•Institutions (2)

University of Kentucky¹, University of Manchester²

01 Jun 2017-Journal of Industrial Information Integration

TL;DR: A comprehensive review on Industry 4.0 is conducted and presents an overview of the content, scope, and findings by examining the existing literatures in all of the databases within the Web of Science.

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1,906 citations

"Mapping the potentials of regions i..." refers background in this paper

...INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR GEOGRAPHY New digital technologies around the IoT, robotics, AI and self-driving cars are expected to have a pervasive effect on a wide range of sectors (Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017)....
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...Scholars have argued that we are currently undergoing a Fourth Industrial Revolution associated with Industry 4.0 (I4) (Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017; Ménière et al., 2017; Popkova et al., 2019)....
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...…extensive literature on I4, there exists no consensus on what I4T stands for (Alcacer & Cruz-Machado, 2019; Chiarello et al., 2018; Dallasega et al., 2018; Kamble et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017; Oztemel & Gursev, 2020; Popkova et al., 2019; Valdes & Ilja Rudyk, 2017; Xu et al., 2018)....
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...…(Alcacer & Cruz-Machado, 2019; Chiarello et al., 2018; Ciffolilli & Muscio, 2018; Dallasega et al., 2018; Kamble et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017; Ménière et al., 2017; Oztemel & Gursev, 2020; Popkova et al., 2019; Reischauer, 2018; Santos et al., 2017; Valdes & Ilja Rudyk, 2017; Xu et…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends

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Li Da Xu¹, Eric Xu², Ling Li¹•Institutions (2)

Old Dominion University¹, University of Minnesota²

09 Mar 2018-International Journal of Production Research

TL;DR: The state of the art in the area of Industry 4.0 as it relates to industries is surveyed, with a focus on China's Made-in-China 2025 and formal methods and systems methods crucial for realising Industry 5.0.

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Abstract: Rapid advances in industrialisation and informatisation methods have spurred tremendous progress in developing the next generation of manufacturing technology. Today, we are on the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In 2013, amongst one of 10 ‘Future Projects’ identified by the German government as part of its High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Plan, the Industry 4.0 project is considered to be a major endeavour for Germany to establish itself as a leader of integrated industry. In 2014, China’s State Council unveiled their ten-year national plan, Made-in-China 2025, which was designed to transform China from the world’s workshop into a world manufacturing power. Made-in-China 2025 is an initiative to comprehensively upgrade China’s industry including the manufacturing sector. In Industry 4.0 and Made-in-China 2025, many applications require a combination of recently emerging new technologies, which is giving rise to the emergence of Industry 4.0. Such technologies originate from different disciplines ...

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1,780 citations

"Mapping the potentials of regions i..." refers background in this paper

...…extensive literature on I4, there exists no consensus on what I4T stands for (Alcacer & Cruz-Machado, 2019; Chiarello et al., 2018; Dallasega et al., 2018; Kamble et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017; Oztemel & Gursev, 2020; Popkova et al., 2019; Valdes & Ilja Rudyk, 2017; Xu et al., 2018)....
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...…& Cruz-Machado, 2019; Chiarello et al., 2018; Ciffolilli & Muscio, 2018; Dallasega et al., 2018; Kamble et al., 2018; Liao et al., 2017; Lu, 2017; Ménière et al., 2017; Oztemel & Gursev, 2020; Popkova et al., 2019; Reischauer, 2018; Santos et al., 2017; Valdes & Ilja Rudyk, 2017; Xu et al., 2018)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation

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David H. Autor¹•Institutions (1)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology¹

30 Jul 2015-Journal of Economic Perspectives

TL;DR: The authors argue that the interplay between machine and human comparative advantage allows computers to substitute for workers in performing routine, codifiable tasks while amplifying the comparative advantage of workers in supplying problem-solving skills, adaptability, and creativity.

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Abstract: In this essay, I begin by identifying the reasons that automation has not wiped out a majority of jobs over the decades and centuries. Automation does indeed substitute for laborâ��as it is typically intended to do. However, automation also complements labor, raises output in ways that leads to higher demand for labor, and interacts with adjustments in labor supply. Journalists and even expert commentators tend to overstate the extent of machine substitution for human labor and ignore the strong complementarities between automation and labor that increase productivity, raise earnings, and augment demand for labor. Changes in technology do alter the types of jobs available and what those jobs pay. In the last few decades, one noticeable change has been a "polarization" of the labor market, in which wage gains went disproportionately to those at the top and at the bottom of the income and skill distribution, not to those in the middle; however, I also argue, this polarization is unlikely to continue very far into future. The final section of this paper reflects on how recent and future advances in artificial intelligence and robotics should shape our thinking about the likely trajectory of occupational change and employment growth. I argue that the interplay between machine and human comparative advantage allows computers to substitute for workers in performing routine, codifiable tasks while amplifying the comparative advantage of workers in supplying problem-solving skills, adaptability, and creativity.

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1,325 citations

"Mapping the potentials of regions i..." refers background in this paper

...A lot of attention goes to possible negative effects, such as in the literature on automation that focuses on the types of jobs that might be displaced or under threat (e.g., Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2019; Autor, 2015; Bessen et al., 2019; Frey & Osborne, 2016)....
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