Marine Bacteria—A Treasure House of Valuable Products and Functions
01 Jan 2020-pp 415-436
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss about the production of various bioactive compounds, enzymes, neutraceuticals, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics, biosurfactants as well as the potential organisms useful in dye decolorization, microbial enhanced oil recovery, hydrocarbon degradation, and metal bioremediation.
Abstract: Immense diversity of prokaryotes is reported for the oceans; however, we probably know only 0.01% of the microorganisms from marine ecosystems. Due to the burning need of new or novel therapeutic and environmental useful compounds, these less explored marine habitats have attracted various researchers since the last five decades. Nearly 16,000 natural products are discovered from marine organisms. Marine microbes are very diverse because they are exposed to wide variations in temperature, salinity, nutrition, and pressure at different levels. These extreme conditions are responsible for the presence of diverse photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs, heterotrophs, nitrogen fixers, denitrifiers, luminescent as well as sulfur and iron oxidizers and reducing microorganisms. Various culture-dependent and -independent methods are used to explore the hidden microbial diversity and their potency. The chapter discusses about the production of various bioactive compounds, enzymes, neutraceuticals, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics, biosurfactants as well as the potential organisms useful in dye decolorization, microbial enhanced oil recovery, hydrocarbon degradation, and metal bioremediation. The chapter also deals with feature prospects in terms of valuable industrial and environmental significance of the bacterial community of oceans.
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TL;DR: Marine pollution has been increasing over the years and can impact directly living organisms as discussed by the authors , and the continued pollution of soil and fresh water by agriculture, industrial and urban activities frequently reaches the rivers and the ocean by run over polluting from these environments.
Abstract: Marine pollution has been increasing over the years and can impact directly living organisms. The continued pollution of soil and fresh water by agriculture, industrial and urban activities frequently reaches the rivers and the ocean by run over polluting from these environments. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly technique that can immobilize, reduce damage, inactivate or remove contaminants using living organisms or their structures or products for cleaning up the environment. The technique used for bioremediation depends on the type of contaminant, including structure, oxidation stage, complexation form. Bacteria are recognized as important agents in bioremediation processes, including removal of heavy metals, biodegradation of polyaromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, petroleum and diesel, and biodegradation of plastics. Marine bacteria present a great diversity of metabolic activities and their potential for bioremediation is still poorly exploited.
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9,017 citations
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3,360 citations
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2,450 citations
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2,224 citations
TL;DR: Three rRNA gene standards were prepared by PCR, mixed in known proportions, and amplified a second time by using primer pairs in which one primer was labeled with a fluorescent nucleotide derivative to fit a kinetic model in which the reannealing of genes progressively inhibits the formation of template-primer hybrids.
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1,898 citations