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Market Liquidity: Illiquidity and Stock Returns Cross-Section and Time-Series Effects*

Yakov Amihud
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TLDR
In this paper, the effects of stock illiquidity on stock return have been investigated and it was shown that expected market illiquidities positively affects ex ante stock excess return (usually called risk premium) over time.
Abstract
New tests are presented on the effects of stock illiquidity on stock return. Over time, expected market illiquidity positively affects ex ante stock excess return (usually called â¬Srisk premiumâ¬?). This complements the positive cross-sectional return-illiquidity relationship. The illiquidity measure here is the average daily ratio of absolute stock return to dollar volume, which is easily obtained from daily stock data for long time series in most stock markets. Illiquidity affects more strongly small firms stocks, suggesting an explanation for the changes â¬Ssmall firm effectâ¬? over time. The impact of market illiquidity on stock excess return suggests the existence of illiquidity premium and helps explain the equity premium puzzle.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether marketwide liquidity is a state variable important for asset pricing and found that expected stock returns are related cross-sectionally to the sensitivities of returns to fluctuations in aggregate liquidity.
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Do liquidity measures measure liquidity

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared three measures, effective spread, realized spread, and price impact based on both Trade and Quote (TAQ) and Rule 605 data, and found that the new effective/realized spread measures win the majority of horseraces, while the Amihud [2002.5] measure does well measuring price impact.
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References
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ReportDOI

A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix

Whitney K. Newey, +1 more
- 01 May 1987 - 
TL;DR: In this article, a simple method of calculating a heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix that is positive semi-definite by construction is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns

TL;DR: In this paper, Bhandari et al. found that the relationship between market/3 and average return is flat, even when 3 is the only explanatory variable, and when the tests allow for variation in 3 that is unrelated to size.
Journal ArticleDOI

Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between average return and risk for New York Stock Exchange common stocks was tested using a two-parameter portfolio model and models of market equilibrium derived from the two parameter portfolio model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Continuous Auctions and Insider Trading

Albert S. Kyle
- 01 Nov 1985 - 
Journal ArticleDOI

The relationship between return and market value of common stocks

TL;DR: Scholes et al. as discussed by the authors examined the relationship between the total market value of the common stock of a firm and its return and found that small firms had higher risk adjusted returns than large firms.
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