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Journal ArticleDOI

Match performance and physical capacity of players in the top three competitive standards of English professional soccer

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that high-intensity running distance was greater in players at lower compared to higher competitive standards despite a similar physical capacity in a subsample of players in each standard.
About: This article is published in Human Movement Science.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 260 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Championship & League.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study examined the evolution of physical and technical soccer performance across a 7-season period in the English Premier League, and could be used to aid talent identification, training and conditioning preparation.
Abstract: This study examined the evolution of physical and technical soccer performance across a 7-season period in the English Premier League. Match performance observations (n=14 700) were analysed for emergent trends. Total distance covered during a match was ~2% lower in 2006–07 compared to 2012–13. Across 7 seasons, high-intensity running distance and actions increased by ~30% (890±299 vs. 1 151±337 m, p 0.6), the number of long passes varied little (p

519 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data demonstrates that evolving tactics in the EPL have impacted on the physical demands of wide players and the technical requirements of central players.

303 citations


Cites background or result from "Match performance and physical capa..."

  • ...In support of this notion, Bradley et al. (2013) reported no differences in the intermittent exercise capacity of players in the top three tiers of the English game but found that lower tier players covered more distance at high-intensity in matches compared with top tier players....

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  • ...…indicates that the average distance covered by elite soccer players during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 Test has increased minimally (Bradley et al., 2011, 2013) in contrast to the substantial increases in high-intensity running distances in EPL matches across a similar time period…...

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  • ...Although the physical and tactical aspects are central to performance (Bradley et al., 2013; Lago-Ballesteros et al., 2012), a teams technical ability has been identified as the best indicator of success (Castellano et al., 2012; Collet, 2013; Rampinini, Impellizzeri, Castagna, Coutts, & Wisløff,…...

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  • ...…(Bradley et al., 2011; Krustrup, Mohr, Ellingsgaard, & Bangsbo, 2005) and is a distinguishing variable between competitive standard and gender (Andersson, Randers, Heiner-Møller, Krustrup, & Mohr, 2010; Bradley et al., 2013; Mohr, Krustrup, Andersson, Kirkendal, & Bangsbo, 2008; Mohr et al., 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Considering time-efficiency effects, soccer players may benefit more by performing sprint-training regimens similar to the progression model used in strength training and by world-leading athletics practitioners, compared with the majority of guidelines that traditionally have been presented in research literature.
Abstract: Author's version of an article in the journal: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0121

196 citations


Cites background or result from "Match performance and physical capa..."

  • ...On the other hand, aerobic endurance capacity is not a clearly distinguishing variable separating players of different standard (Bradley et al., 2013; Tønnessen et al., 2013)....

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  • ...For example, Bradley et al. (2013) reported that pass completion, frequency of forward and total passes, balls received and average touches per possession were higher in the Premier League compared to lower standards....

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  • ...…1994; Reilly et al. 2000 A ; Krustrup et al., 2005; Mohr et al., 2005; Stølen et al., 2005; Bangsbo et al., 2006 and 2007; Krustrup et al., 2010; Bradley et al., 2013; Haugen et al. 2013; Tønnessen et al., 2013), there is less information available regarding anaerobic demands and training…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This systematic review demonstrates that Computerised video tracking systems are a valuable data collection tool to enable sports scientists to identify the current physical demands placed on players in competition to allow them to apply data to training and testing protocols.
Abstract: Technology improvements in elite soccer have enabled the performance of individual players and teams to be analysed in extreme detail. The volume and immediate availability of this information allows coaches and sports scientists to make more informed decisions about current and future needs, thus increasing the teams’ potential to perform. In the last decade, one of the most valuable technologies used in elite soccer is the Computerised video tracking system that quantifies technical and physical performance parameters, although new applications are being developed. This systematic review aims to evaluate the pertaining research literature that has specifically used the Amisco® and Prozone® Computerised video tracking systems to analyse the physical performance of elite players. MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Teseo were used for the literature search. After two selection phases, a total of 38 studies were reviewed, which revealed that the majority of studies were of a high standard with most fulfilling the majority of the quality criteria. A critical appraisal of this literature was conducted to assess issues regarding sample size, positional subsets, variables measured, and possible future applications. This systematic review demonstrates that Computerised video tracking systems are a valuable data collection tool to enable sports scientists to identify the current physical demands placed on players in competition to allow them to apply data to training and testing protocols. Current Computerised tracking systems in elite soccer still provide adequate detail on the physical and technical performances of players but must develop further to compete with the array of additional parameters offered by new technologies such as global or local positioning system technology. However, physical parameters are highly dependent on the role played by technical and tactical factors, and thus improved knowledge of these parameters is needed to allow a more complete understanding of their impact on physical demands.

178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this commentary is to provide a detailed insight into the complexity of match running performance and the most influential factors.
Abstract: Time-motion analysis is a valuable data-collection technique used to quantify the match running performance of elite soccer players. However, interpreting the reductions in running performance in the second half or temporarily after the most intense period of games is highly complex, as it could be attributed to physical or mental fatigue, pacing strategies, contextual factors or a combination of mutually inclusive factors. Given that research in this domain typically uses a reductionist approach whereby match-running performance is examined in isolation without integrating other factors this ultimately leads to a 1-dimensional insight into match performance. Subsequently, a cohesive review of influencing factors does not yet exist. The aim of this commentary is to provide a detailed insight into the complexity of match running performance and the most influential factors.

159 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A more progressive resource for sample-based studies, meta-analyses, and case studies in sports medicine and exercise science is presented, and forthright advice on controversial or novel issues is offered.
Abstract: Statistical guidelines and expert statements are now available to assist in the analysis and reporting of studies in some biomedical disciplines. We present here a more progressive resource for sample-based studies, meta-analyses, and case studies in sports medicine and exercise science. We offer forthright advice on the following controversial or novel issues: using precision of estimation for inferences about population effects in preference to null-hypothesis testing, which is inadequate for assessing clinical or practical importance; justifying sample size via acceptable precision or confidence for clinical decisions rather than via adequate power for statistical significance; showing SD rather than SEM, to better communicate the magnitude of differences in means and nonuniformity of error; avoiding purely nonparametric analyses, which cannot provide inferences about magnitude and are unnecessary; using regression statistics in validity studies, in preference to the impractical and biased limits of agreement; making greater use of qualitative methods to enrich sample-based quantitative projects; and seeking ethics approval for public access to the depersonalized raw data of a study, to address the need for more scrutiny of research and better meta-analyses. Advice on less contentious issues includes the following: using covariates in linear models to adjust for confounders, to account for individual differences, and to identify potential mechanisms of an effect; using log transformation to deal with nonuniformity of effects and error; identifying and deleting outliers; presenting descriptive, effect, and inferential statistics in appropriate formats; and contending with bias arising from problems with sampling, assignment, blinding, measurement error, and researchers' prejudices. This article should advance the field by stimulating debate, promoting innovative approaches, and serving as a useful checklist for authors, reviewers, and editors.

6,467 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors use a more intuitive and practical approach based directly on uncertainty in the true value of the statistic, which deals with the real-world relevance of this uncertainty by taking into account values that are substantial in some positive and negative sense.
Abstract: A study of a sample provides only an estimate of the true (population) value of an outcome statistic. A report of the study therefore usually includes an inference about the true value. Traditionally, a researcher makes an inference by declaring the value of the statistic statistically significant or nonsignificant on the basis of a P value derived from a null-hypothesis test. This approach is confusing and can be misleading, depending on the magnitude of the statistic, error of measurement, and sample size. The authors use a more intuitive and practical approach based directly on uncertainty in the true value of the statistic. First they express the uncertainty as confidence limits, which define the likely range of the true value. They then deal with the real-world relevance of this uncertainty by taking into account values of the statistic that are substantial in some positive and negative sense, such as beneficial or harmful. If the likely range overlaps substantially positive and negative values, they infer that the outcome is unclear; otherwise, they infer that the true value has the magnitude of the observed value: substantially positive, trivial, or substantially negative. They refine this crude inference by stating qualitatively the likelihood that the true value will have the observed magnitude (eg, very likely beneficial). Quantitative or qualitative probabilities that the true value has the other 2 magnitudes or more finely graded magnitudes (such as trivial, small, moderate, and large) can also be estimated to guide a decision about the utility of the outcome.

2,027 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Nichole D. Palmer1, Caitrin W. McDonough1, Pamela J. Hicks1, B H Roh1  +381 moreInstitutions (6)
04 Jan 2012-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: It is suggested that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
Abstract: African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.

1,957 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Top-class soccer players performed more high-intensity running during a game and were better at the Yo-Yo test than moderate professional players; fatigue occurred towards the end of matches as well as temporarily during the game, independently of competitive standard and of team position; defenders covered a shorter distance in high- intensity running than players in other playing positions.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess physical fitness, match performance and development of fatigue during competitive matches at two high standards of professional soccer. Computerized time-motion analyses were performed 2-7 times during the competitive season on 18 top-class and 24 moderate professional soccer players. In addition, the players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. The top-class players performed 28 and 58% more (P < 0.05) high-intensity running and sprinting, respectively, than the moderate players (2.43 +/- 0.14 vs 1.90 +/- 0.12 km and 0.65 +/- 0.06 vs 0.41 +/- 0.03 km, respectively). The top-class players were better (11%; P < 0.05) on the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test than the moderate players (2.26 +/- 0.08 vs 2.04 +/- 0.06 km, respectively). The amount of high-intensity running, independent of competitive standard and playing position, was lower (35-45%; P < 0.05) in the last than in the first 15 min of the game. After the 5-min period during which the amount of high-intensity running peaked, performance was reduced (P < 0.05) by 12% in the following 5 min compared with the game average. Substitute players (n = 13) covered 25% more (P < 0.05) ground during the final 15 min of high-intensity running than the other players. The coefficient of variation in high-intensity running was 9.2% between successive matches, whereas it was 24.8% between different stages of the season. Total distance covered and the distance covered in high-intensity running were higher (P < 0.05) for midfield players, full-backs and attackers than for defenders. Attackers and full-backs covered a greater (P < 0.05) distance in sprinting than midfield players and defenders. The midfield players and full-backs covered a greater (P < 0.05) distance than attackers and defenders in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (2.23 +/- 0.10 and 2.21 +/- 0.04 vs 1.99 +/- 0.11 and 1.91 +/- 0.12 km, respectively). The results show that: (1) top-class soccer players performed more high-intensity running during a game and were better at the Yo-Yo test than moderate professional players; (2) fatigue occurred towards the end of matches as well as temporarily during the game, independently of competitive standard and of team position; (3) defenders covered a shorter distance in high-intensity running than players in other playing positions; (4) defenders and attackers had a poorer Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test performance than midfielders and full-backs; and (5) large seasonal changes were observed in physical performance during matches.

1,859 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test was a valid measure of fitness performance in soccer and had a high reproducibility and sensitivity, allowing for detailed analysis of the physical capacity of athletes in intermittent sports.
Abstract: KRUSTRUP, P, M MOHR, T AMSTRUP, T RYSGAARD, J JOHANSEN, A STEENSBERG, P K PEDERSEN, and J BANGSBO The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Validity Med Sci Sports Exerc, Vol 35, No 4, pp 697–705, 2003PurposeTo examine the physiological

1,175 citations