Journal Article•
Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise-Conclusion
About: This article is published in Bell System Technical Journal.The article was published on 1945-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 807 citations till now.
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TL;DR: It is shown that the decomposition together with the associated properties can be deduced in a mathematically sound fashion for any stationary Gaussian process.
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01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: In this article, the instantaneous envelope amplitude and instantaneous frequency as a function of ratio of carrier-to-noise level have been obtained for both thermal and atmospheric noise conditions, and the shape of the instantaneous frequency distribution is found to be rather similar to that obtained with carrier plus thermal noise.
Abstract: Distributions of the instantaneous envelope amplitude and instantaneous frequency as a function of ratio of carrier-to-noise level have been obtained for both thermal and atmospheric noise conditions. The envelope amplitude distribution of carrier plus thermal noise is found to agree well with that predicted by mathematical analysis, and the carrier-to-atmospheric noise distributions are observed to differ appreciably from the thermal noise conditions as might be anticipated from the distributions of the atmospheric noise envelope by itself. The instantaneous frequency distributions are observed to depart appreciably from the normal distribution. Under carrier plus atmospheric noise conditions, the shape of the instantaneous frequency distribution is found to be rather similar to that obtained with carrier plus thermal noise.
1 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the optimum receiver for such a sonar system has two thresholds, rather than one, because such a receiver discriminates more effectively against ambiguities arising from the fact that the code words have overlapping bandwidths.
1 citations
22 Dec 2012-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: Noise in linear electronic circuits is well characterised in terms of power spectral density in the frequency domain and the Normal probability density function in the time domain but if this signal is then passed through a peak track-and-hold circuit the situation is very different.
Abstract: Noise in linear electronic circuits is well characterised in terms of power spectral density in the frequency domain and the Normal probability density function in the time domain. For instance a charge preamplifier followed by a simple time independent pulse shaping circuit produces an output with a predictable, easily calculated Normal density function. By the Ergodic Principle this is true if the signal is sampled randomly in time or the experiment is run many times and measured at a fixed time after the circuit is released from reset. Apart from well defined cases, the time of the sample after release of reset does not affect the density function. If this signal is then passed through a peak track-and-hold circuit the situation is very different. The probability density function of the sampled signal is no longer Normal and the function changes with the time of the sample after release of reset. This density function can be classified by the Gumbel probability density function which characterises the Extreme Value Distribution of a defined number of Normally distributed values. The number of peaks in the signal is an important factor in the analysis. This issue is analysed theoretically and compared with a time domain noise simulation programme. This is then related to a real electronic circuit used for low-noise X-ray measurements and shows how the low-energy resolution of this system is significantly degraded when using a peak track-and-hold.
1 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the effect of vibration loads on the behavior of the control board for the DC-DC converter inverter of a hybrid vehicle and estimated the fatigue damage at the soldered joints.
Abstract: On-board electronic systems are often exposed to different types of loading due to their operating environment These loadings are represented mainly by thermal and vibration effects In this chapter, the study is limited to vibration loads In the framework of the FIRST-MFP project, an industrial application, the Valeo S97 demonstrator, of the effect under the influence of random vibrations is measured The behavior of the control board for the DC–DC converter inverter of a hybrid vehicle is the subject of this study The objective of this chapter is to estimate the fatigue damage at the soldered joints The random stresses and the properties of the materials present a wide range of uncertainties Experimental tests as well as numerical simulations will make it possible to study the uncertainties that influence the behavior of the structure
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