MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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12 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a probabilistic framework to design an N-1 secure day-ahead dispatch, while determining the minimum cost reserves for power systems with high wind penetration.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel probabilistic framework to design an N-1 secure day-ahead dispatch, while determining the minimum cost reserves for power systems with high wind penetration. To achieve this, we build on previous work, and formulate a stochastic optimization program with chance constraints, which encode the probability of satisfying the transmission capacity constraints of the lines. To incorporate then a reserve decision scheme, we take into account the steady state behavior of the secondary frequency controller, and hence consider the reserves to be a linear function of the total generation-load mismatch. The overall problem results in a chance constrained bilinear program; to achieve tractability, two alternative convex reformulations are proposed, and the so called scenario approach is employed. This approach is based on sampling the uncertain parameter (in this paper the wind power) while keeping the desired probabilistic guarantees. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique we apply it to the IEEE 30-bus network, and compare the alternative reformulations in terms of cost and performance by means of Monte Carlo simulations, corresponding to different wind power realizations generated by a Markov chain based model.
39 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...In this section we evaluate the performance of our approach by applying it to the IEEE 30-bus network [22]....
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...approach, both alternatives are compared in terms of cost and performance by means of Monte Carlo simulations for different wind power realizations, using a modified version of the IEEE 30-bus network, retrieved from [22]....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable sources of energy are necessary in order to enforce voltage regulation.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable sources of energy are necessary in order to enforce voltage regulation. The AC OPF problem is known to be nonconvex (and, in fact, NP-hard). Convex relaxation techniques have been recently explored to solve the OPF task with reduced computational burden; however, sufficient conditions for tightness of these relaxations are only available for restricted classes of system topologies and problem setups. Identifying feasible power-flow solutions remains hard in more general problem formulations, especially in unbalanced multi-phase systems with renewables. To identify feasible and optimal AC OPF solutions in challenging scenarios where existing methods may fail, this paper leverages the Feasible Point Pursuit - Successive Convex Approximation algorithm -- a powerful approach for general nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programs. The merits of the approach are illustrated using single- and multi-phase distribution networks with renewables, as well as several transmission systems.
39 citations
TL;DR: An anomaly detection method is proposed to identify the abnormal patterns in the network power flows, which results from the accidental or deliberate changes of the database, based on vector autoregressive model.
Abstract: Recent studies show that smart grid is vulnerable to cyber anomalies. In this paper, an anomaly detection method is proposed to identify the abnormal patterns in the network power flows, which results from the accidental or deliberate changes of the database. The proposed method utilizes a multivariate time series statistical forecasting technique based on vector autoregressive model. To understand the power flow behavior of the system, a multiphase optimal power flow analysis is conducted. The proposed method is validated using IEEE Power Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee recommended 34-node and 123-node test systems. Three different experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Vulnerability and computational complexity issues of this paper are also addressed elaborately. Results obtained from this analysis show that the proposed method successfully captures the network anomalies at a high detection rate allowing only a few number of false alarms.
39 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...For example, the interior point solver using MatPower [49] needs only 0.35 s to solve the OPF of a 300 node test system....
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...For example, the interior point solver using MatPower [49] needs only 0....
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TL;DR: This work formulates a distribution LMP signal based on power flow sensitivities in a distribution system by formulating a Jacobian-based sensitivity analysis for application in the distribution pricing method.
Abstract: In the deregulated power system, locational marginal prices (LMPs) are used in transmission engineering predominantly as near real-time pricing signals. This work extends this concept to distribution engineering by formulating a distribution LMP signal based on power flow sensitivities in a distribution system. A Jacobian-based sensitivity analysis has been developed for application in the distribution pricing method. Increasing deployment of distributed energy sources and storage devices is being seen at the distribution level and this trend is expected to continue. The optimal operation of the distributed infrastructure has been formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem and a solution algorithm has been developed that is based on the normal boundary intersection method. A parallel processing environment has been used to replicate the distributed nature of controls at many points in the distribution system. The Roy Billinton Test System has been used to demonstrate the applications.
39 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...0b4) [22] for MATLAB was used to develop the OPF solutions for the RBTS transmission network (6-bus, 11 generators) and power flow solutions for the Bus #3 distribution system....
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TL;DR: A FDIA detection method based on secure federated deep learning is proposed in this paper by combining Transformer, federated learning and Paillier cryptosystem and the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified.
Abstract: As an important cyber-physical system (CPS), smart grid is highly vulnerable to cyber attacks. Amongst various types of attacks, false data injection attack (FDIA) proves to be one of the top-priority cyber-related issues and has received increasing attention in recent years. However, so far little attention has been paid to privacy preservation issues in the detection of FDIAs in smart grids. Inspired by federated learning, a FDIA detection method based on secure federated deep learning is proposed in this paper by combining Transformer, federated learning and Paillier cryptosystem. The Transformer, as a detector deployed in edge nodes, delves deep into the connection between individual electrical quantities by using its multi-head self-attention mechanism. By using federated learning framework, our approach utilizes the data from all nodes to collaboratively train a detection model while preserving data privacy by keeping the data locally during training. To improve the security of federated learning, a secure federated learning scheme is designed by combing Paillier cryptosystem with federated learning. Through extensive experiments on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus test systems, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified.
39 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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