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Journal ArticleDOI

MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new robust security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) method to balance the economy.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new robust security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) method to balance the economy. and security requirements under uncertainties associated with renewable generation and load demand. Given the significant growth in microgrid (MG) deployments over the world, this paper explores the potential of using multiple MGs in supporting main grid's security control. Corrective control is employed to relieve postcontingency overflows by effectively coordinating system generators and multiple MGs. An incentive-based mechanism is designed to encourage the MGs to actively cooperate with the main grid for postcontingency recovery, which makes the proposed method to distinguish from the previous models using a traditional centralized control method, such as direct load control. A scenario-decomposition-based approach is then developed to solve the proposed robust SCOPF problem. Numerical simulations on IEEE 14- and IEEE 118-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

37 citations


Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...(2) Here the power transfer distribution factor [26] is adopted for the transformation of constraint (2), where the active power flow on the branches are the function of active power injection at each node N :...

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  • ...As the active power flow on the transmission line can be seen as the composed contribution of each node injection [26], traditionally overflow caused by contingencies could be resolved by fast changing generation output....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: A problem formulation is developed to solve the day-ahead energy and reserve market allocation and pricing problem that explicitly considers the redispatch set required by the occurrence of contingencies and the corresponding optimal power flow, static and dynamic security constraints.
Abstract: It is widely agreed that optimal procurement of reserves, with explicit consideration of system contingencies, can improve reliability and economic efficiency in power systems. With increasing penetration of uncertain generation resources, this optimal allocation is becoming even more crucial. Herein, a problem formulation is developed to solve the day-ahead energy and reserve market allocation and pricing problem that explicitly considers the redispatch set required by the occurrence of contingencies and the corresponding optimal power flow, static and dynamic security constraints. Costs and benefits, including those arising from eventual demand deviation and contingency-originated redispatch and shedding, are weighted by the contingency probabilities, resulting in a scheme that contracts the optimal amount of resources in a stochastic day-ahead procurement setting. Furthermore, the usual assumption that the day-ahead contracted quantities correspond to some base case dispatch is removed, resulting in an optimal procurement as opposed to an optimal dispatch. Inherent in the formulation are mechanisms for rescheduling and pricing dispatch deviations arising from realized demand fluctuations and contingencies. Because the formulation involves a single, one stage, comprehensive mathematical program, the Lagrange multipliers obtained at the solution are consistent with shadow prices and can be used to clear the day-ahead and spot markets of the different commodities involved. Co-optimization of energy and reserves, including system contingency requirementsComplete AC power flow formulation with static and dynamic security constraintsLagrange multipliers determine various day-ahead and spot market commodity prices.Comparison with traditional method shows improvements in system security and costs.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An adaptive real-time congestion management (RTCM) method which optimally employs adaptive thermal ratings of transmission lines to manage real- time congestions using all power system capabilities is proposed.

37 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Mar 2019
TL;DR: A four-port MAB converter prototype designed for low voltage power delivery applications in future smart homes has been built and tested to compare the performance of the three control methods and verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
Abstract: This paper investigates the theories and applications of power flow control in multi-active-bridge (MAB) power converters. Many emerging applications including differential power processing, low voltage power delivery in smart homes, multi-cell battery balancers, and photovoltaic energy systems comprise sophisticated power flow across multiple dc voltage ports. Connecting many dc voltage ports together with a MAB converter reduces the power conversion stress, improves the efficiency and enhances the power density. Fundamentally, the advantages of a MAB design come from merging many standalone magnetic components with simple functions into one single magnetic component that performs sophisticated functions. Three control strategies for MAB converters, including phase-shift (PS) control, time-sharing (TS) control, and hybrid phase-shift and time-sharing (PSTS) control are developed to regulate the voltage and precisely control the power flow. A four-port MAB converter prototype designed for low voltage power delivery applications in future smart homes has been built and tested to compare the performance of the three control methods and verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

37 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Jun 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an AC OPF algorithm that yields an operating point that is guaranteed to be robust to all realizations of stochastic generation within a specified uncertainty set, where a convex relaxation of the AC power flow constraints is used to ensure conservativeness.
Abstract: With growing penetrations of stochastic renewable generation and the need to accurately model the network physics, optimization problems that explicitly consider uncertainty and the AC power flow equations are becoming increasingly important to the operation of electric power systems. This paper describes initial steps towards an AC Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) algorithm which yields an operating point that is guaranteed to be robust to all realizations of stochastic generation within a specified uncertainty set. Ensuring robust feasibility requires overcoming two challenges: 1) ensuring solvability of the power flow equations for all uncertainty realizations and 2) guaranteeing feasibility of the engineering constraints for all uncertainty realizations. This paper primarily focuses on the latter challenge. Specifically, the robust AC OPF problem is posed as a bi-level program that maximizes (or minimizes) the constraint values over the uncertainty set, where a convex relaxation of the AC power flow constraints is used to ensure conservativeness. The resulting optimization program is solved using an alternating solution algorithm. The algorithm is illustrated via detailed analyses of two small test cases.

37 citations


Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...For small systems, such as the 6bus system “case6ww” and the IEEE 14-bus system [22], a solution is obtained within two minutes on a laptop with a quad-core 2....

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  • ...The algorithm is implemented using MATPOWER [22] to solve the deterministic AC OPF problem in each iteration....

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  • ...A. Implementation The algorithm is implemented using MATPOWER [22] to solve the deterministic AC OPF problem in each iteration....

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  • ...2 illustrates algorithmic performance using the 6-bus system “case6ww” from [22]....

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  • ...We use MATPOWER’s line model [22]....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.

6,344 citations

Book
01 Jan 1977

1,937 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.

1,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.

1,112 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.

890 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....

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  • ...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....

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