MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed linear programming models (LPAC) that incorporate reactive power and voltage magnitudes in a linear power flow approximation to ensure voltage stability and AC power flow feasibility.
Abstract: Linear active-power-only DC power flow approximations are pervasive in the planning and control of power systems. However, these approximations fail to capture reactive power and voltage magnitudes, both of which are necessary in many applications to ensure voltage stability and AC power flow feasibility. This paper proposes linear-programming models (the LPAC models) that incorporate reactive power and voltage magnitudes in a linear power flow approximation. The LPAC models are built on a convex approximation of the cosine terms in the AC equations, as well as Taylor approximations of the remaining nonlinear terms. Experimental comparisons with AC solutions on a variety of standard IEEE and MatPower benchmarks show that the LPAC models produce accurate values for active and reactive power, phase angles, and voltage magnitudes. The potential benefits of the LPAC models are illustrated on two "proof-of-concept" studies in power restoration and capacitor placement.
203 citations
TL;DR: This paper builds on recent work to develop a real-time algorithm for AC optimal power flow, based on quasi-Newton methods, that uses second-order information to provide suboptimal solutions on a fast timescale, and can be shown to track the optimalPower flow solution when the estimated second- order information is sufficiently accurate.
Abstract: Future power networks are expected to incorporate a large number of distributed energy resources, which introduce randomness and fluctuations as well as fast control capabilities But traditional optimal power flow methods are only appropriate for applications that operate on a slow timescale In this paper, we build on recent work to develop a real-time algorithm for AC optimal power flow, based on quasi-Newton methods The algorithm uses second-order information to provide suboptimal solutions on a fast timescale, and can be shown to track the optimal power flow solution when the estimated second-order information is sufficiently accurate We also give a specific implementation based on L-BFGS-B method, and show by simulation that the proposed algorithm has good performance and is computationally efficient
203 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...We adopt the network topology, impedance, and generator data of IEEE 300 bus test case which are taken from MatPower [25]....
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TL;DR: A Q-learning-based approach to identify critical attack sequences with consideration of physical system behaviors is proposed to identify new smart grid vulnerability that can be exploited by attacks on the network topology.
Abstract: Recent studies on sequential attack schemes revealed new smart grid vulnerability that can be exploited by attacks on the network topology. Traditional power systems contingency analysis needs to be expanded to handle the complex risk of cyber-physical attacks. To analyze the transmission grid vulnerability under sequential topology attacks, this paper proposes a Q-learning-based approach to identify critical attack sequences with consideration of physical system behaviors. A realistic power flow cascading outage model is used to simulate the system behavior, where attacker can use the Q-learning to improve the damage of sequential topology attack toward system failures with the least attack efforts. Case studies based on three IEEE test systems have demonstrated the learning ability and effectiveness of Q-learning-based vulnerability analysis.
202 citations
Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...Next, the electrical power grid can be viewed as an independently operating environment that responds to the malicious actions of attackers....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a virtual power plant (VPP) is formulated and developed as a service-centric aggregator that enables the market integration of distributed energy resources and simultaneously supports cooperation with the distribution system operator in addressing the issue of network usage.
Abstract: A virtual power plant (VPP) is formulated and developed as a service-centric aggregator that enables the market integration of distributed energy resources and simultaneously supports cooperation with the distribution system operator in addressing the issue of network usage A suitable schedule of interactions and communications between aggregators, market operators, system operators, generators, and consumers, regarding electricity market participation and network operation is proposed and presented in a sequence diagram The cooperation on congestion management in the distribution network is highlighted as a solution to relieve network constraints via the optimal adjustment of active and reactive power of VPP resources while maximizing renewable energy integration across the pool under management The VPP reduces uncertainty affiliated with input data by employing the latest forecasts through a rolling horizon approach in the planning stage Thanks to the flexibility of the VPP to perform rescheduling in accordance with agreements it negotiated with its resources, it becomes possible to refrain from undesirable curtailments Both the market-integrative and the service-centric roles of the VPP are verified through modeling and simulation with a benchmark European distribution network The results confirm the added value of the proposed VPP in enhancing the integration of wind and solar power
200 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...For the power flow calculations regarding the DSO operation, Matpower [23] was used....
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TL;DR: It can be observed on benchmark test functions that PFA is able to converge global optimum and avoid the local optima effectively and show that it can approximate to true Pareto optimal solutions.
200 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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