MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The authors formulate the attack detection problem in the distribution grid as a statistical learning problem and demonstrate a comprehensive benchmark of statistical learning methods on various IEEE distribution test systems.
Abstract: The conventional distribution network is undergoing structural changes and becoming an active grid due to the advent of smart grid technologies encompassing distributed energy resources (DERs), aggregated demand response and electric vehicles (EVs). This establishes a need for state estimation-based tools and real-time monitoring of the distribution grid to correctly apply active controls. Although such new tools may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks, cyber-security of distribution grid has not received enough attention. As smart distribution grid intensively relies on communication infrastructures, the authors assume in this study that an attacker can compromise the communication and successfully conduct attacks against crucial functions of the distribution management system, making the distribution system prone to instability boundaries for collapses. They formulate the attack detection problem in the distribution grid as a statistical learning problem and demonstrate a comprehensive benchmark of statistical learning methods on various IEEE distribution test systems. The proposed learning algorithms are tested using various attack scenarios which include distinct features of modern distribution grid such as integration of DERs and EVs. Furthermore, the interaction between transmission and distribution systems and its effect on the attack detection problem are investigated. Simulation results show attack detection is more challenging in the distribution grid.
33 citations
TL;DR: This paper focuses on limited adversaries who have only partial and imperfect information about the grid, and offers a framework for analyzing the attack strategies for limited adversaries and the associated confidence about profitable attacks.
Abstract: Electricity markets consist of multiple look-ahead and real-time spot markets, across which energy price is generally volatile. Moreover, dispatch and pricing decisions in the real-time markets strongly hinge on the quality of the real-time state estimates, which are formed dynamically in order to delineate real-time information about operational state of the grid. Adversaries can leverage price volatility in conjunction with the dependence of the real-time markets on the state estimates in order to carry out profitable financial misconduct, e.g., via virtual bidding on the locational marginal prices. When the adversaries are omniscient (i.e., have full and instantaneous access to grid topology and dynamics), the attack strategies for maximizing financial profits are studied extensively in the existing literature. This paper focuses on limited adversaries who have only partial and imperfect information about the grid, and offers a framework for analyzing the attack strategies for limited adversaries and the associated confidence about profitable attacks. Specifically, adversaries’ information is considered to be within a measure of bounded error, and attack strategies are designed such that the adversaries are guaranteed a certain level of confidence to gain profit. Designing such attacks is investigated analytically and examined in the IEEE 14- and 118-bus systems.
33 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...All the simulations are conducted using MATLAB-based software packages including MATPOWER [35] and convex programming solver CVX [34]....
[...]
TL;DR: A parallel transient stability simulation based on waveform relaxation for large-scale power systems that achieves high parallel efficiency and adopts preconditioning and waveform prediction to accelerate convergence of the system.
Abstract: This work presents a parallel transient stability simulation based on waveform relaxation for large-scale power systems. A power system described by large-scale differential-algebraic equations (DAE) is decomposed into several subsystems by a partitioning algorithm based on epsilon decomposition. The method adopts preconditioning and waveform prediction to accelerate convergence of the system. Moreover, a two-stage parallel strategy based on OpenMP further improves parallel efficiency. All subsystems are solved using a very dishonest Newton (VDHN) method combined with an iteration method based on Adomian decomposition independently after the state variables are discretized by implicit-trapezoidal rule. Finally, two large-scale test cases with detailed dynamic models verify the proposed algorithm. The computational results show that the proposed waveform relaxation method achieves high parallel efficiency.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new look at power systems, focusing on an aspect that has previously received little attention: convexity, was taken into account and the authors characterized the domain of voltage magnitudes and phases within which the energy function is convex in these variables.
Abstract: Power systems are undergoing unprecedented transformations with increased adoption of renewables and distributed generation, as well as the adoption of demand response programs. All of these changes, while making the grid more responsive and potentially more efficient, pose significant challenges for power systems operators. Conventional operational paradigms are no longer sufficient as the power system may no longer have big dispatchable generators with sufficient positive and negative reserves. This increases the need for tools and algorithms that can efficiently predict safe regions of operation of the power system. In this paper, we study energy functions as a tool to design algorithms for various operational problems in power systems. These have a long history in power systems and have been primarily applied to transient stability problems. In this paper, we take a new look at power systems, focusing on an aspect that has previously received little attention: Convexity. We characterize the domain of voltage magnitudes and phases within which the energy function is convex in these variables. We show that this corresponds naturally with standard operational constraints imposed in power systems. We show that power of equations can be solved using this approach, as long as the solution lies within themore » convexity domain. We outline various desirable properties of solutions in the convexity domain and present simple numerical illustrations supporting our results.« less
33 citations
TL;DR: The method combines Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and market-based optimal power flow (OPF) to maximize the net present value (NPV) related to the investment made by WTs' developers over a planning horizon.
Abstract: This paper proposes an innovative exhaustive search method for the optimal placement of wind turbines (WTs) in electrical distribution systems taking into account wind speed and load demand uncertainty, and the variability of electrical energy prices within a distribution network operator (DNO) acquisition market environment. The method combines Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and market-based optimal power flow (OPF) to maximize the net present value (NPV) related to the investment made by WTs' developers over a planning horizon. In particular, the MCS data feed the market-based OPF problem with inter-temporal constraints in order to find the most convenient WTs allocation and priority on the network, based on distribution-locational marginal prices (D-LMPs) in a competitive electricity market. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with an 84-bus 11.4-kV radial distribution system.
33 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
[...]
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
[...]
...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
[...]