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Journal ArticleDOI

MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A hybrid optimization method for optimal allocation of wind turbines (WTs) that combines a fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm (MO-GA) and the market-based optimal power flow (OPF) to jointly minimize the total energy losses and maximize the net present value associated with the WT investment over a planning horizon is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid optimization method for optimal allocation of wind turbines (WTs) that combines a fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm (MO-GA) and the market-based optimal power flow (OPF) to jointly minimize the total energy losses and maximize the net present value associated with the WT investment over a planning horizon. The method is conceived for distributed-generator-owning distribution network operators to find the optimal numbers and sizes of WTs among different potential combinations. MO-GA is used to select, among all the candidate buses, the optimal sites and sizes of WTs. A nondominated sorting GA II procedure is used for finding multiple Pareto-optimal solutions in a multiobjective optimization problem, while market-based OPF is used to simulate an electricity market session. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated with an 84-bus 11.4-kV radial distribution system.

30 citations


Cites background or methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...ranging from a minimum injection equal to the negative of the largest possible load to a maximum injection of zero [29]....

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  • ...The method has been implemented in MATLAB incorporating some features of MATPOWER suite [29], [30] and MATLAB toolbox for NSGA-II [24], [25] on a laptop with core i7, a 1....

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  • ...generators, if the negative cost corresponds to a benefit for consumption, minimizing the cost of generation is equivalent to maximizing SW [29], [30]....

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  • ...Pg is the active power generated by WTs, Pd is the active power of DLs, λ and μ are Lagrangian multipliers, and Newton’s method is used to solve the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions [29], [30]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new method based on coyote algorithm (COA) which is inspired from the social life of coyotes for the problem of simultaneous network reconfiguration and distributed generation (DG) placement to reduce real power loss is presented.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new heuristic computing method named as fractional particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (FPSOGSA) is presented by introducing fractional derivative of velocity term in standard optimization mechanism for optimal RPD problems.
Abstract: In fact, optimal RPD is one of the most critical optimization matters related to electrical power stability and operation. The minimization of overall real power losses is obtained by adjusting the power systems control variables, for instance; generator voltage, compensated reactive power and tap changing of the transformer. In this search, a new heuristic computing method named as fractional particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (FPSOGSA) is presented by introducing fractional derivative of velocity term in standard optimization mechanism. The designed FPSOGSA is implemented for the optimal RPD problems with IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 standards by attaining the near finest outcome sets of control variables along with minimization of two fitness objectives; active power transmission line losses ($P_{loss,}$ MW) and voltage deviation ($\text{V}_{\mathrm {D}}$ ). The superior performance of the proposed FPSOGSA is verified for both single and multiple runs through comparative study with state of art counterparts for each scenario of optimal RPD problems.

30 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Jul 2013
TL;DR: A practical multiple-node attack strategy is developed and proved to be stronger than the traditional load based approach on IEEE 57 and 118 bus systems and provided a new point of view toward understanding cascading failures in electric systems.
Abstract: Electric grid is one of the largest interconnected networks on the earth, and is vital to the operation of modern society. Within recent decades, the occurrence of several large scale power blackouts raised many concerns from different aspects. For example, the most recent India power blackout in July 2012 affected 620 Million people. Investigating the vulnerability of electric grids becomes increasingly important and urgent. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of electric grids from attacker's point of view. First, the extended model based on DC power flow analysis is adopted to simulate cascading failures in electric grids; then a novel metric, called the risk graph, is proposed to reflect the hidden relationship among substations in terms of vulnerability; finally a practical multiple-node attack strategy is developed and proved to be stronger than the traditional load based approach on IEEE 57 and 118 bus systems. This work provided a new point of view toward understanding cascading failures in electric systems.

30 citations


Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...are computed based on DC power flow [17]....

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  • ...all PTDFs are calculated by using MATPOWER [17], a Matlab-based tool for solving power flow analysis problems....

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  • ...In this paper, all PTDFs are calculated by using MATPOWER [17], a Matlab-based tool for solving power flow analysis problems....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Dec 2016
TL;DR: This paper proposes a distributionally robust RCOPF approach by considering all possible probability distributions that share the same moment (e.g., mean and covariance) and unimodality properties and demonstrates the approach based on a modified IEEE 9-bus power network.
Abstract: As we incorporate more random renewable energy into the power grid, power system operators need to ensure physical constraints, such as transmission line limits, are not violated despite uncertainty. Risk-constrained optimal power flow (RCOPF) based on the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) is a convenient modeling tool, ensuring that these constraints are satisfied with a high probability (e.g., 95%). However, in practice, it is often difficult to perfectly estimate the joint probability distribution of all uncertain variables, including renewable energy production and load consumption. In this paper, we propose a distributionally robust RCOPF approach by considering all possible probability distributions that share the same moment (e.g., mean and covariance) and unimodality properties. Moment and unimodality information can be estimated based on historical data, and so the proposed approach can be applied in a data-driven manner. In view of the computational challenges, we derive a conservative and a relaxed approximation of the problem. We reformulate these approximations as semidefinite programs (SDPs) facilitating the use of highly efficient off-the-shelf optimization solvers (e.g., CVX). We demonstrate the proposed approach based on a modified IEEE 9-bus power network.

30 citations


Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...For cost parameters, we assume C3 is 10 times C2, where C1 and C2 are defined in [25]....

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  • ...The theoretical results are evaluated on a modified uncongested IEEE 9-bus system [25]....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.

6,344 citations

Book
01 Jan 1977

1,937 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.

1,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.

1,112 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.

890 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....

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  • ...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....

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