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Journal ArticleDOI

MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2017
TL;DR: This work designs and compares different supervised learning algorithms to compute the cost of Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow and describes this approximation module as a proxy for predicting short-term decision outcomes without the need of actual simulation and optimization of them.
Abstract: In this work we design and compare different supervised learning algorithms to compute the cost of Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF). The motivation for quick calculation of OPF cost outcomes stems from the growing need of algorithmic-based long-term and medium-term planning methodologies in power networks. Integrated in a multiple time-horizon coordination framework, we refer to this approximation module as a proxy for predicting short-term decision outcomes without the need of actual simulation and optimization of them. Our method enables fast approximate calculation of OPF cost with less than 1% error on average, achieved in run-times that are several orders of magnitude lower than of exact computation. Several test-cases such as IEEE-RTS96 are used to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.

29 citations


Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...…as well as the one described in this paper, introduce the notion of proxies that approximate shortterm decision processes outcomes in a hierarchical multiple timehorizon coordination framework; thus they alleviate the need of actual simulation and optimization of such short-term processes....

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Posted Content
TL;DR: It is suggested that intentional tripping of lines according to a good tripping heuristic canbecome a practical tool for cascade control, provided communication with line relays is reliable and none of the heuristics is universally good for the variety of initial tripping paths.
Abstract: We study cascades of blackouts in the model of the Polish (transmission) power grid (2700 nodes and 3504 transmission lines). A cascade is initiated by a sufficientl y severe initial contingency tripping. The cascade advances via sequential tripping of many more overheated lines (with the thermal limits exceeded), islanding loads and generators and eventually arriving at a fixed point with the surviving part of the system being pow er- flow-balanced and the rest of the system being outaged. Utili zing the quasi-static model for cascade propagation, introduced in our earlier study (Statistical Classification of Cascading Failures in Power Grids, IEEE PES GM 2011), we analyze how the severity of the cascade depends on the order of tripping overheated lines. Our main observation is that the order of tripping has a tremendous effect on the size of the resulting outage: the probability distribution function of the outage size is broad; moreover in many of the cases studied, picking an overheated line at random results in a much larger outage than in some other observed samples. Finding the "best" tripping, defined as causing the least dam age, constitutes a difficult dynamical optimization problem, wh ose solution is most likely computationally infeasible. Inste ad, we study performance of a number of natural heuristics, resolving the next switching decision based on the current state of the grid. We discover that some of the heuristics, in particular the one suggesting to trip the least overloaded of the overheated lines, is at least as good, and often significantly better, th an a typical/random switching. However, none of the heuristics is universally good for the variety of initial tripping paths s tudied. We offer explanations for success of the heuristics based on the hierarchical structure of the grid and suggest that intentional tripping of lines according to a good tripping heuristic canbecome a practical tool for cascade control, provided communication with line relays is reliable.

29 citations


Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...To execute this task we use MATPOWER [12], and cost functions provided in the description of the Polish model....

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  • ...In our simulationswe utilize the DC-PF solver from the Matlab based MATPOWER package [12] taking into account effects of transformers and other devices included in the description of the Polish grid model....

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  • ...This model is publicly available as a part of the MATPOWER computational package [12]....

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  • ...In our simulations we utilize the DC-PF solver from the Matlab based MATPOWER package [12] taking into account effects of transformers an d other devices included in the description of the Polish grid model....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a robust and efficient LF solver based on the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm and a simple modification is proposed in order to improve its computational performance.
Abstract: In this paper, we address the load-flow (LF) problem of very large scale systems. These types of systems show a very narrow region of attraction, and most of LF solvers tend to fail when a flat initial guess point is used. On the other hand, the solution of these systems frequently involves very large matrices and vectors. Consequently, a robust LF method must be used to find the correct solution of these systems. This paper proposes a robust and efficient LF solver based on the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm. Moreover, a simple modification is proposed in order to improve its computational performance. The proposed methods are tested using various very large scale systems (i.e., more than 3000 buses) and compared with several standard and robust LF techniques. The obtained results show that the proposed methods are more suitable for solving the LF problem of very large scale systems.

29 citations


Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...If there is a violation, then it is set equal to the limit violated and the bus voltage magnitude is released, where the connected bus is converted to PQ bus [5], [35], [36]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector was proposed for the detection of false data injection attacks in the smart grid, where the measurements are corrupted by colored Gaussian noise.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problems of state estimation and false data injection detection in smart grid when the measurements are corrupted by colored Gaussian noise. By modeling the noise with the autoregressive process, we estimate the state of the power transmission networks and develop a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector for the detection of false data injection attacks. We show that the conventional approach with the assumption of Gaussian noise is a special case of the proposed method, and thus the new approach has more applicability. The proposed detector is also tested on an independent component analysis (ICA) based unobservable false data attack scheme that utilizes similar assumptions of sample observation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed state estimator and attack detector on the IEEE 30-bus power system with comparison to conventional Gaussian noise based detector. The superior performance of both observable and unobservable false data attacks demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and indicates a wide application on the power signal processing.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the DC Power Flow to lossy networks is presented, which is based on reformulating the lossy active power flow equations into a novel fixed-point equation, and iterating this fixed point mapping to generate a sequence of improving estimates for the active Power Flow solution.
Abstract: The DC Power Flow approximation has been widely used for decades in both industry and academia due to its computational speed and simplicity, but suffers from inaccuracy, in part due to the assumption of a lossless network. This paper presents a natural extension of the DC Power Flow to lossy networks. Our approach is based on reformulating the lossy active power flow equations into a novel fixed-point equation, and iterating this fixed-point mapping to generate a sequence of improving estimates for the active power flow solution. Each iteration requires the solution of a standard DC Power Flow problem with a modified vector of power injections. The first iteration returns the standard DC Power Flow, and one or two additional iterations yields a one or two order-of-magnitude improvement in accuracy. For radial networks, we give explicit conditions on the power flow data which guarantee that the active power flow equations possess a unique solution, and that our iteration converges exponentially and monotonically to this solution. For meshed networks, we extensively test our results via standard power flow cases.

29 citations


Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."

  • ...examine what happens if we simply ignore this part of the iteration, and set x= 0cin the L-MDCPF (21). To test overa wider variety of systems, we consider ten standard test cases at base case loading [29], [30]. For each of these networks, Table I displays the maximum phase angle error kθ r−θ[k]k∞ (in degrees) between the exact solution and the output of the L-MDCPF (21) after k SUBMITTED TO IEEE TRAN...

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.

6,344 citations

Book
01 Jan 1977

1,937 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.

1,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.

1,112 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.

890 citations


"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....

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  • ...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....

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