MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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26 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible communication interface, Buspy (pronounced bus-dot-pie), is proposed to pass messages between one or more GridLAB-D instances and a Smart Grid simulator.
Abstract: As more Smart Grid technologies (eg, distributed photovoltaic, spatially distributed electric vehicle charging) are integrated into distribution grids, static distribution simulations are no longer sufficient for performing modeling and analysis GridLAB-D is an agent-based distribution system simulation environment that allows fine-grained end-user models, including geospatial and network topology detail A problem exists in that, without outside intervention, once the GridLAB-D simulation begins execution, it will run to completion without allowing the real-time interaction of Smart Grid controls, such as home energy management systems and aggregator control We address this lack of runtime interaction by designing a flexible communication interface, Buspy (pronounced bus-dot-pie), that uses Python to pass messages between one or more GridLAB-D instances and a Smart Grid simulator This work describes the design and implementation of Buspy, discusses its usefulness in terms of some Smart Grid scenarios, and provides an example of an aggregator-based residential demand response system interacting with GridLAB-D through Buspy The small scale example demonstrates the validity of the interface and shows that an aggregator using said interface is able to control residential loads in GridLAB-D during runtime to cause a reduction in the peak load on the distribution system in (a) peak reduction and (b) time-of-use pricing cases
28 citations
TL;DR: The proposed algorithm is based on the application of gossip algorithms to estimate locally critical physical quantities by reaching a global consensus in aggregated demand and in minimum cost for curtailment of flexible loads/increase of controllable distributed generators.
Abstract: The paper proposes a gossip algorithm-based architecture for managing power flows on radial distribution grids applying decentralized management of demand. Demand flexibility is associated with a cost-like utility function expressing the inconvenience caused by curtailment. Every node of the distribution grid participates in power flow management by sending locally measured and calculated values to its neighboring nodes following a peer-to-peer architecture. The proposed algorithm is based on the application of gossip algorithms to estimate locally critical physical quantities by reaching a global consensus. More specifically, the solution implements gossip algorithms to achieve consensus in aggregated demand and in minimum cost for curtailment of flexible loads/increase of controllable distributed generators.
28 citations
TL;DR: A new three-phase unbalanced optimal power flow algorithm is developed for steady state system analysis to minimize the cost of serving loads in a distribution network based on primal-dual interior point method.
Abstract: The ever-increasing penetration of distributed generation in recent years brings challenges as well as opportunities for distribution companies as the smart grid paradigm evolves. A new three-phase unbalanced optimal power flow algorithm is developed for steady state system analysis to minimize the cost of serving loads in a distribution network. The algorithm is developed based on primal-dual interior point method. Comprehensive system components and constraints are modeled in a generalized fashion. In tests performed on the IEEE test feeder systems, the proposed algorithm is able to solve for optimal solutions under various system conditions and constraints. The potential applications of the program for distribution system design, reconfiguration, and control are also highlighted.
28 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...Some step size control methods [24] can be applied to improve convergence speed....
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TL;DR: It is shown that the SDP cuts generated by the LSE method are indeed feasibility cuts, andumerical results show that those new cuts can effectively reduce the search space and lead to a tighter relaxation.
Abstract: It has been known that the second-order conic programming (SOCP) relaxation of an alternating current optimal power flow (ac OPF) problem is a computationally friendly formulation, whereas the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is a theoretically stronger one. This paper presents a method to strengthen the (SOCP) relaxation by generating new cutting planes, i.e., valid inequalities, using SDP relaxation, which remove SOCP solutions that are infeasible to SDP formulation. This new method relies on solving a least square estimation (LSE) problem for every cycle in a cycle basis. General feasibility cutting plane method is also employed for cuts generation. We show that the SDP cuts generated by the LSE method are indeed feasibility cuts. Numerical results show that those new cuts can effectively reduce the search space and lead to a tighter relaxation. The new cuts are comparable to the SDP cuts in [1] . Case studies on systems with several buses to thousands buses have demonstrated the method is also scalable.
28 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...These two systems are from MATPOWER’s database....
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...MATPOWER [19] is used to find upper bound, while CVX toolbox [20] and MOSEK 7....
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...TABLE II PERCENTAGE GAP OF A 3-BUS CASE Test case MATPOWER ($/h) SOCP SDP cuts nesta case3 lmbd 5812.6 1.67 1.27 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 iteration di st an ce Fig....
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...MATPOWER [13] is used to find upper bound while CVX toolbox [14] is used to carry out convex programming problem solving....
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TL;DR: The combination of Gauss-Hermite quadrature and simplified Newton-Raphson method based Nataf transformation is presented to accelerate the process of probabilistic modeling for wind speed, solar radiation, tidal current speed and load consumption.
28 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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