MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
Citations
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TL;DR: The results show that the proposed method is in effective estimating the missing values in the case of communication problems between smart meters and the coordinated control system allowing the use of central voltage control strategies in real time.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel distribution system state estimation method based on the information provided by smart meters to support coordinated voltage control strategies in real time is presented. Because the measurement redundancy in a distribution system is very low compared with the transmission system, the proposed method is able to mitigate the effects of temporal communication link failures, thanks to the combination of the Weighted Least Square method and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with a new power flow formulation using the available information from the smart meters. The test to validate the method and show its robustness was made for three representative different systems: the IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus systems, and a 30 smart home LV distribution system. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, a real-time digital simulator for smart distribution power grids with a coordinated voltage control system is used. The results show that the proposed method is in effective estimating the missing values in the case of communication problems between smart meters and the coordinated control system allowing the use of central voltage control strategies in real time.
27 citations
TL;DR: This work forms an optimization problem that maximizes the distance to voltage collapse through injections of reactive power, subject to power flow and operational voltage constraints, and proposes a distributed feedback controller, based on a dual-ascent algorithm, to solve the problem in real time.
Abstract: A standard operational requirement in power systems is that the voltage magnitudes lie within prespecified bounds. Conventional engineering wisdom suggests that having a tightly regulated voltage profile should also guarantee that the system operates far from static bifurcation instabilities, such as voltage collapse. In general, however, these two objectives are distinct and must be separately enforced. We formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the distance to voltage collapse through injections of reactive power, subject to power flow and operational voltage constraints. By exploiting a linear approximation of the power flow equations, we arrive at a convex reformulation, which can be efficiently solved for the optimal injections. We then propose a distributed feedback controller, based on a dual-ascent algorithm, to solve for the prescribed optimization problem in real time. This is possible, thanks to a further manipulation of the problem into a form that is amenable for distributed implementation. We also address the planning problem of allocating control resources by recasting our problem in a sparsity-promoting framework. This allows us to choose a desired tradeoff between optimality of injections and the number of required actuators. We illustrate the performance of our results with the IEEE 30-bus network.
27 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...[27] R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sánchez, and R. J. Thomas, “MATPOWER: Steady-state operations, planning, and analysis tools for power systems research and education,” IEEE Trans....
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...We report both the evolution of the linearized voltage profiles V̂L as well as the evolution of the voltages VL obtained numerically (using MATPOWER [27]) as solutions of the full nonlinear, coupled, and lossless ac system at each algorithmic iteration....
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...The simulations setup is as follows: 1) IEEE 30 bus transmission grid [27]; 2) reference voltage VN = 1 [p....
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TL;DR: It is shown that the problems of finding the minimum number of measurement points to be attacked undetectably reduce to minimum cut problems on hypergraphs, which admit efficient combinatorial algorithms.
Abstract: This paper presents exact solution methods for analyzing vulnerability of electric power networks to a certain kind of undetectable attacks known as false data injection attacks. We show that the problems of finding the minimum number of measurement points to be attacked undetectably reduce to minimum cut problems on hypergraphs, which admit efficient combinatorial algorithms. Experimental results indicate that our exact solution methods run as fast as the previous methods, most of which provide only approximate solutions. We also present an algorithm for enumerating all small cuts in a hypergraph, which can be used for finding vulnerable sets of measurement points.
27 citations
Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...from [10] and nine data sets obtained from [17] (cases 1–5 are standard IEEE benchmarks, and cases 7–10 are real-world data in Poland)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an integrated modeling framework that combines a long-term investment model, a robust dispatch model of the energy market, a detailed AC network model and a novel quantification for reserves, and a rigorous evaluation of renewable energy resource potentials.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, cascading failures in power grids are studied using interaction graphs and it has been shown that the loading level of the power grid impacts the interaction graph and consequently, the community structure and criticality of the components in the cascade process.
Abstract: Cascading phenomena have been studied extensively in various networks. Particularly, it has been shown that the community structures in networks impact their cascade processes. However, the role of community structures in cascading failures in power grids have not been studied heretofore. In this paper, cascading failures in power grids are studied using interaction graphs. Key evidence has been provided that the community structures in interaction graphs bear critical information about the cascade process and the role of system components in cascading failures in power grids. Furthermore, a centrality measure based on the community structures is proposed to identify critical components of the system, which their protection can help in containing failures within a community and prevent the propagation of failures to large sections of the power grid. Various criticality evaluation techniques, including data driven, epidemic simulation based, power system simulation based, and graph based, have been used to verify the importance of the identified critical components in the cascade process and compare them with those identified by traditional centrality measures. Moreover, it has been shown that the loading level of the power grid impacts the interaction graph and consequently, the community structure and criticality of the components in the cascade process.
27 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...This model has been implemented in our simulations in MATPOWER [16], a package of MATLAB m-files, for generating the cascade datasets used in our analysis throughout the paper as well as in criticality evaluations....
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...We will specifically, construct the graph of interactions based on both influence-based and correlation-based approaches using data generated by our powersystem simulations in MATPOWER [16]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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