MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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TL;DR: In this article, a low-carbon economic dispatch model under both constraints of the electricity and natural gas systems is proposed to reduce CO2 emission and improve the wind power utilization, mathematical formulations of the post-combustion carbon capture system and power-to-gas facility are presented in the proposed model.
120 citations
TL;DR: A general framework for automating mechanistic modeling of hybrid dynamical systems from observed data with low computational complexity and noise resilience is proposed.
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems embed software into the physical world. They appear in a wide range of applications such as smart grids, robotics, and intelligent manufacturing. Cyber-physical systems have proved resistant to modeling due to their intrinsic complexity arising from the combination of physical and cyber components and the interaction between them. This study proposes a general framework for discovering cyber-physical systems directly from data. The framework involves the identification of physical systems as well as the inference of transition logics. It has been applied successfully to a number of real-world examples. The novel framework seeks to understand the underlying mechanism of cyber-physical systems as well as make predictions concerning their state trajectories based on the discovered models. Such information has been proven essential for the assessment of the performance of cyber-physical systems; it can potentially help debug in the implementation procedure and guide the redesign to achieve the required performance.
119 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...g topologies and the real transition logic. The detailed actions and switching time are shown in Table S18. Measurements are generated via solving nonlinear power ßow equations using MATPOWER toolbox [48] in MATLAB. Suppose that we can measure all the active and reactive power consumption, and voltage phasors of the nodes, denoted by M as follows. M = ' ( ( ( ) P (1) 1 Q (1) 1 U (1) 1 ááá P (1) 3...
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TL;DR: An agent-based approach using NetLogo is employed in this paper to closely mimic the human aggregate behavior and its influence on the load demand due to charging of EVs.
Abstract: Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) would significantly increase the overall electrical load demand in power distribution networks. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive planning of charging infrastructure in order to prevent power failures or scenarios where there is a considerable demand–supply mismatch. Accurately predicting the realistic charging demand of EVs is an essential part of the infrastructure planning. Charging demand of EVs is influenced by several factors, such as driver behavior, location of charging stations, electricity pricing, etc. In order to implement an optimal charging infrastructure, it is important to consider all the relevant factors that influence the charging demand of EVs. Several studies have modeled and simulated the charging demands of individual and groups of EVs. However, in many cases, the models do not consider factors related to the social characteristics of EV drivers. Other studies do not emphasize on economic elements. This paper aims at evaluating the effects of the above factors on EV charging demand using a simulation model. An agent-based approach using NetLogo is employed in this paper to closely mimic the human aggregate behavior and its influence on the load demand due to charging of EVs.
116 citations
Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...) values provided in the MATPOWER [42] case files....
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...The total system load was divided among the buses in the same ratio as the original MATPOWER case file....
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...The MATPOWER package is used in Octave to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem for this network....
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...To make the network more suitable to be used as distribution grid, the line resistance values were increased to 5 times the standard p.u. values provided in the MATPOWER [42] case files....
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...The network configuration especially the placement of generators was however finalized after extensive trial and error attempts using MATPOWER....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new exact formulation for AC OTS and its mixed-integer second-order cone programming relaxation via several types of strong valid inequalities inspired by the recent development for the closely related AC optimal power flow problem.
Abstract: As the modern transmission control and relay technologies evolve, transmission line switching has become an important option in power system operators’ toolkits to reduce operational cost and improve system reliability. Most recent research has relied on the DC approximation of the power flow model in the optimal transmission switching problem. However, it is known that DC approximation may lead to inaccurate flow solutions and also overlook stability issues. In this paper, we focus on the optimal transmission switching problem with the full AC power flow model, abbreviated as AC optimal transmission switching (AC OTS). We propose a new exact formulation for AC OTS and its mixed-integer second-order cone programming relaxation. We improve this relaxation via several types of strong valid inequalities inspired by the recent development for the closely related AC optimal power flow problem [Kocuk et al ., “Strong SOCP relaxations for the optimal power flow problem,” Oper. Res., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 1177–1196, 2016]. We also propose a practical algorithm to obtain high-quality feasible solutions for the AC OTS problem. Extensive computational experiments show that the proposed formulation and algorithms efficiently solve IEEE standard and congested instances and lead to significant cost benefits with provably tight bounds.
116 citations
TL;DR: A new attack scenario is discovered, called the sequential attack, which assumes that substations/transmission lines can be removed sequentially, not synchronously, and can discover many combinations of substation whose failures can cause large blackout size.
Abstract: The modern society increasingly relies on electrical service, which also brings risks of catastrophic consequences, e.g., large-scale blackouts. In the current literature, researchers reveal the vulnerability of power grids under the assumption that substations/transmission lines are removed or attacked synchronously. In reality, however, it is highly possible that such removals can be conducted sequentially. Motivated by this idea, we discover a new attack scenario, called the sequential attack, which assumes that substations/transmission lines can be removed sequentially, not synchronously. In particular, we find that the sequential attack can discover many combinations of substation whose failures can cause large blackout size. Previously, these combinations are ignored by the synchronous attack. In addition, we propose a new metric, called the sequential attack graph (SAG), and a practical attack strategy based on SAG. In simulations, we adopt three test benchmarks and five comparison schemes. Referring to simulation results and complexity analysis, we find that the proposed scheme has strong performance and low complexity.
116 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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