MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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TL;DR: In this article, an integer linear programming (ILP) methodology is presented for optimal phasor measurement unit placement with realistic costs and practical constraints, considering the number of devices that must be placed at the substations and the upgrade cost of substations.
Abstract: Synchrophasor deployment costs have evolved over time. The cost of upgrading a substation, which is much larger than the cost of an individual device, has emerged as the primary constituent of the total expenditure. Given these circumstances, the optimal phasor measurement unit placement formulation needs to consider not only the number of devices that must be placed at the substations, but also the number of substations that must be upgraded to support those devices. This paper presents an integer linear programming methodology for such a placement scheme while considering realistic costs and practical constraints. The IEEE 30 bus system is used to illustrate the proposed concept, while the IEEE 118, IEEE 300, and Polish 2383 bus systems are used to show the performance of the method under different test environments.
98 citations
Cites background or methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...The number of high-voltage buses in the three test systems are 11, 14 and 50, respectively [44], [45]....
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...The data for the test systems was obtained from MATPOWER [44] toolbox of MATLAB [45]....
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...[44] R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sánchez, and R. J. Thomas, “MATPOWER steady-state operations, planning and analysis tools for power systems research and education,” IEEE Trans....
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TL;DR: A brief survey of major application areas, structure properties, challenges and solution approaches to CCOPT is presented and the research results achieved in the past few years are presented.
Abstract: A chance-constrained optimisation CCOPT model has a dual goal: guaranteeing performance as well as system reliability under uncertainty. The beginning of CCOPT methods dates back in the 1950s. Recently, CCOPT approaches are gaining momentum as modern engineering and finance applications are forced to consider reliability and risk metrics at the design and planning stages. Although theoretical development and practical applications have been made, many open problems remain to be addressed in this area. This article attempts to provide a brief survey of major application areas, structure properties, challenges and solution approaches to CCOPT. In particular, we present our research results achieved in the past few years.
97 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...As a test case we choose the 9-bus system present in Matpower (Zimmerman, Murillo-Sánchez, and Thomas 2011), which is shown in Figure 6....
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...To solve the underlying PF problems Matpower (Zimmerman et al. 2011) was used....
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TL;DR: A method is proposed that optimally deployed BESSs and determined their capacity in a two-part framework to minimize solar energy curtailment, by considering network topology and power flow constraints and demonstrates that it manages to store more surplus solar power.
97 citations
04 May 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed using graph neural networks (GNNs) trained under the imitation learning framework to approximate a given optimal solution to the power flow optimization problem in large power networks.
Abstract: Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand. Optimality is measured with respect to the cost that each generator incurs in producing this power. The OPF problem is non-convex due to the sinusoidal nature of electrical generation and thus is difficult to solve. Using small angle approximations leads to a convex problem known as DC OPF, but this approximation is no longer valid when power grids are heavily loaded. Many approximate solutions have been since put forward, but these do not scale to large power networks. In this paper, we propose using graph neural networks (which are localized, scalable parametrizations of network data) trained under the imitation learning framework to approximate a given optimal solution. While the optimal solution is costly, it is only required to be computed for network states in the training set. During test time, the GNN adequately learns how to compute the OPF solution. Numerical experiments are run on the IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 test cases.
97 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...We construct two datasets based on the IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 power system test cases [17]....
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...4 we test the imitation learning framework on the IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 power system test cases [17] and in Sec....
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...The test cases provide reference load, pref and q L ref [17]....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the outages of some lines can be masked by injecting false data into a set of measurements to avoid being detected by the bad data detection program in the state estimation.
Abstract: Today’s power systems become more prone to cyber-attacks due to the high integration of information technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate that the outages of some lines can be masked by injecting false data into a set of measurements. The success of the topology attack can be guaranteed by making that: 1) the injected false data obeys Kirchhoff current law and Kirchhoff voltage law to avoid being detected by the bad data detection program in the state estimation and 2) the residual in the line outage detection is increased such that the line outage cannot be detected by phasor measurement unit data. A bilevel optimization problem is set up to determine the optimal attack vector that can maximize the residual of the outaged line. The IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems are used to demonstrate the masking scheme.
97 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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