MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, an adjustable robust optimization approach to account for the uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RESs) in optimal power flow (OPF) is presented, where the base-point generation is calculated to serve the forecast load which is not balanced by RESs, and the generation control through participation factors ensures a feasible solution for all realizations of RES output within a prescribed uncertainty set.
Abstract: This paper presents an adjustable robust optimization approach to account for the uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RESs) in optimal power flow (OPF). It proposes an affinely adjustable robust OPF formulation where the base-point generation is calculated to serve the forecast load which is not balanced by RESs, and the generation control through participation factors ensures a feasible solution for all realizations of RES output within a prescribed uncertainty set. The adjustable robust OPF framework is solved using quadratic programming with successive constraint enforcement and can coordinate the computation of both the base-point generation and participation factors. Numerical results on standard test networks reveal a relatively small increase in the expected operational cost as the uncertainty level increases. In addition, solutions of networks that include both uncertain wind generation and Gaussian distributed demand are shown to have less cost and a higher level of robustness as compared to those from a recent robust scheduling method.
320 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...The AAROPF was initially tested on the IEEE 14-bus and the IEEE 118-bus networks whose original data sets are given with the distribution files of MATPOWER [29], and modified according to [4]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a framework for modeling energy technologies with inter-temporal characteristics in an active network management (ANM) context is presented, which includes the optimization of non-firm connected generation, principles of access for nonfirm generators, energy storage, and flexible demand.
Abstract: Active Network Management is a philosophy for the operation of distribution networks with high penetrations of renewable distributed generation. Technologies such as energy storage and flexible demand are now beginning to be included in Active Network Management (ANM) schemes. Optimizing the operation of these schemes requires consideration of inter-temporal linkages as well as network power flow effects. Network effects are included in optimal power flow (OPF) solutions but this only optimizes for a single point in time. Dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) is an extension of OPF to cover multiple time periods. This paper reviews the generic formulation of DOPF before developing a framework for modeling energy technologies with inter-temporal characteristics in an ANM context. The framework includes the optimization of nonfirm connected generation, principles of access for nonfirm generators, energy storage, and flexible demand. Two objectives based on maximizing export and revenue are developed and a case study is used to illustrate the technique. Results show that DOPF is able to successfully schedule these energy technologies. DOPF schedules energy storage and flexible demand to reduce generator curtailment significantly in the case study. Finally, the role of DOPF in analyzing ANM schemes is discussed with reference to extending the optimization framework to include other technologies and objectives.
308 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...The DOPF has been implemented in conjunction with the MATPOWER suite for power system analysis [28]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a coupon incentive-based demand response (CIDR) scheme is proposed to induce demand response for a future period of time in anticipation of intermittent generation ramping and/or price spikes.
Abstract: This paper presents the formulation and critical assessment of a novel type of demand response (DR) program targeting retail customers (such as small/medium size commercial, industrial, and residential customers) who are equipped with smart meters yet still face a flat rate. Enabled by pervasive mobile communication capabilities and smart grid technologies, load serving entities (LSEs) could offer retail customers coupon incentives via near-real-time information networks to induce demand response for a future period of time in anticipation of intermittent generation ramping and/or price spikes. This scheme is referred to as coupon incentive-based demand response (CIDR). In contrast to the real-time pricing or peak load pricing DR programs, CIDR continues to offer a flat rate to retail customers and also provides them with voluntary incentives to induce demand response. Theoretical analysis shows the benefits of the proposed scheme in terms of social welfare, consumer surplus, LSE profit, the robustness of the retail electricity rate, and readiness for implementation. The pros and cons are discussed in comparison with existing DR programs. Numerical illustration is performed based on realistic supply and demand data obtained from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT).
306 citations
Cites background from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...Based on the demand curve with a staircase shape, the utility function of consumer is a concave -segment piecewise linear function [43]:...
[...]
01 Jul 2015
TL;DR: The results of this research show that GWO is able to achieve less power loss and voltage deviation than those determined by other techniques.
Abstract: Gray wolf optimizer (GWO) is employed in solving the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problems.Three case studies have been utilized to show the effectiveness of GWO.GWO able to find minimum loss and voltage deviation solution than those determined by other techniques. This paper presents the use of a new meta-heuristic technique namely gray wolf optimizer (GWO) which is inspired from gray wolves' leadership and hunting behaviors to solve optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. ORPD problem is a well-known nonlinear optimization problem in power system. GWO is utilized to find the best combination of control variables such as generator voltages, tap changing transformers' ratios as well as the amount of reactive compensation devices so that the loss and voltage deviation minimizations can be achieved. In this paper, two case studies of IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system are used to show the effectiveness of GWO technique compared to other techniques available in literature. The results of this research show that GWO is able to achieve less power loss and voltage deviation than those determined by other techniques.
288 citations
TL;DR: A semidefinite programming relaxation of the OPF problem is presented that incorporates multiple generators at the same bus and parallel lines and provides three advances to existing decomposition techniques: a matrix combination algorithm that further decreases solver time, a modification to anexisting decomposition technique that extends its applicability to general power system networks, and a method for obtaining the optimal voltage profile.
Abstract: The application of semidefinite programming to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem has recently attracted significant research interest. This paper provides advances in modeling and computation required for solving the OPF problem for large-scale, general power system models. Specifically, a semidefinite programming relaxation of the OPF problem is presented that incorporates multiple generators at the same bus and parallel lines. Recent research in matrix completion techniques that decompose a single large matrix constrained to be positive semidefinite into many smaller matrices has made solution of OPF problems using semidefinite programming computationally tractable for large system models. We provide three advances to existing decomposition techniques: a matrix combination algorithm that further decreases solver time, a modification to an existing decomposition technique that extends its applicability to general power system networks, and a method for obtaining the optimal voltage profile from the solution to a decomposed semidefinite program.
288 citations
Cites background or methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...where apparent power line-flow limits and quadratic generator cost functions are implemented using Schur’s complement formula in (16f), (16g), and (16h), respectively; in (16i), the piecewise-linear generator cost functions are implemented using the “constrained cost variable” method as in [3]; and, for notational convenience, the maximum and minimum reactive power injections at each bus are defined as...
[...]
...That is, line is modeled as a circuit (with series admittance and shunt capacitances ) in series with an ideal transformer (with turns ratio ) as in [3]....
[...]
...For instance, when applied to the three-bus system in [6], the DC OPF, a common linear approximation to the OPF problem [3], yields more accurate active power generation and active power Lagrange multipliers (LMPs), as compared to a traditional ACOPF calculation, than the solution with non-zero duality gap from the semidefinite relaxation....
[...]
...Many OPF solution techniques have been proposed, including successive quadratic programs, Lagrangian relaxation, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and interior point methods [2], [3]....
[...]
...We test this heuristic using two large system models: the IEEE 300-bus system [26] and a 3012-bus model of the Polish system for evening peak demand in winter 2007–2008 [3]....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
[...]
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
[...]
...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
[...]