MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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TL;DR: The impact of multiple solutions to the security constrained economic dispatch, a tool used by power system operators to ensure the economics and security of the system operation, is investigated, and the line cyber-attack problem is model as a trilevel mixed integer linear programming problem.
Abstract: Modern power system becomes more prone to cyber attacks due to the high integration of information technology and communication network. In this paper, we investigate the impact of multiple solutions to the security constrained economic dispatch, a tool used by power system operators to ensure the economics and security of the system operation, on the line attacking strategy, and model the line cyber-attack problem as a trilevel mixed integer linear programming problem. We convert the middle and lower levels into a single-level optimization problem using a weighting factor without introducing any additional variables and constraints. The simulation results on the modified IEEE 14-bus system verify the correctness of the proposed model.
78 citations
18 Jun 2017
TL;DR: This work designs an adaptive feedback controller that steers the system in real time to the optimal operating point without explicitly solving an AC OPF problem and proposes a discrete-time projected gradient descent scheme on the power flow manifold (PFM).
Abstract: The focus of this paper is the online load flow optimization of power systems in closed loop. In contrast to the conventional approach where an AC OPF solution is computed before being applied to the system, our objective is to design an adaptive feedback controller that steers the system in real time to the optimal operating point without explicitly solving an AC OPF problem. Our approach can be used for example to simultaneously regulate voltages, mitigate line congestion, and optimize operating costs under time-varying conditions. In contrast to related work which is mostly focused on distribution grids, we introduce a modeling approach in terms of manifold optimization that is applicable in general scenarios. For this, we treat the power flow equations as implicit constraints that are naturally enforced and hence give rise to the power flow manifold (PFM). Based on our theoretical results for this type of optimization problems, we propose a discrete-time projected gradient descent scheme on the PFM. In this work, we confirm through a detailed simulation study that the algorithm performs well in a more realistic power system setup and reliably tracks the time-varying optimum of the underlying AC OPF problem.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a distributed real-time optimal power flow control strategy is introduced to avoid the need of load forecast and achieve the same objective as hierarchical control with a feedback mechanism in real time, that is to recover the nominal system frequency and maintain the active power of the generators close to the optimal operational condition in the presence of any disturbance.
Abstract: Conventionally, power system has a hierarchical control structure including primary, secondary, and tertiary controls. The drawbacks of this hierarchical scheme are manifest: 1) it lacks flexibility and scalability, which is against the trend toward an open-access power system; 2) load forecast as the basis of tertiary control could be inaccurate and infeasible, especially in microgrid for example; 3) as the penetration of renewable energy increases, the relatively long time-scales of secondary and tertiary controls cannot accommodate to more severe power fluctuation within the system. To avoid these drawbacks, a distributed real-time optimal power flow control strategy is introduced in this paper. With the aid of up-to-date smart grid technologies such as two-way communication and distributed sensor, the proposed approach can avoid the need of load forecast and achieve the same objective as hierarchical control with a feedback mechanism in real time, that is to recover the nominal system frequency and maintain the active power of the generators close to the optimal operational condition in the presence of any disturbance. Convergence of the proposed approach is analytically proved. Simulation results in a 34-bus islanded microgrid and the IEEE 118-bus bulk power grid validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a temperature-dependent power flow algorithm is proposed, which integrates an estimate of branch temperatures and resistances with the conventional power flow equations to improve the accuracy of the power flow calculation.
Abstract: In conventional power flow, the system branch resistances are assumed to be constant despite the fact that they are sensitive to temperature, and therefore to branch loading and losses. When the accurate calculation of losses is important, temperature correction of branch resistance can improve the accuracy of the power flow calculation. This paper introduces a temperature-dependent power flow algorithm: a novel approach which integrates an estimate of branch temperatures and resistances with the conventional power flow equations. This methodology relies on the creation of a set of coupled temperature and power flow equations which are solved using the Newton-Raphson solution method for nonlinear equations. The core methodology is developed first, then extended via several decoupling techniques.
78 citations
14 Nov 2013
TL;DR: A hybrid filter algorithm is developed to deal with the state estimation (SE) problem for power systems by taking into account the impact from the phasor measurement units (PMUs) and gives much improved estimation performances over the traditional EKF method.
Abstract: In this brief, a hybrid filter algorithm is developed to deal with the state estimation (SE) problem for power systems by taking into account the impact from the phasor measurement units (PMUs). Our aim is to include PMU measurements when designing the dynamic state estimators for power systems with traditional measurements. Also, as data dropouts inevitably occur in the transmission channels of traditional measurements from the meters to the control center, the missing measurement phenomenon is also tackled in the state estimator design. In the framework of extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, the PMU measurements are treated as inequality constraints on the states with the aid of the statistical criterion, and then the addressed SE problem becomes a constrained optimization one based on the probability-maximization method. The resulting constrained optimization problem is then solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm together with the penalty function approach. The proposed algorithm is applied to estimate the states of the power systems with both traditional and PMU measurements in the presence of probabilistic data missing phenomenon. Extensive simulations are carried out on the IEEE 14-bus test system and it is shown that the proposed algorithm gives much improved estimation performances over the traditional EKF method.
78 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...The simulation is implemented in MATLAB with the Matpower package [25]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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