MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education
TL;DR: The details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture, are presented, which are used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits.
Abstract: MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
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TL;DR: In this article, the optimal transmission system topology for multiple offshore wind farms is introduced using a rule-based generic algorithm, which is implemented as a software tool determining the best economical and technically feasible offshore transmission solution.
Abstract: A method to determine the optimal transmission system topology for multiple offshore wind farms is introduced using a rule-based generic algorithm. The methodology is implemented as a software tool determining the best economical and technically feasible offshore transmission solution. The optimization algorithm takes radial, ring shaped, and meshed transmission topologies into consideration. Besides the investments for the offshore grid also new connections or reinforcements in the existing onshore grid are proposed by the algorithm. The developed tool delivers a set of transmission system topologies ranked after their life cycle system costs with their corresponding transmission voltage and technology (HVAC or HVDC), the necessary transmission equipment, and its rating. The optimization results are based on publicly available data. The achieved results are compared with other studies and validated. The developed tool can be used in the planning phase as a guidance for offshore developers with investment decisions and for long-term offshore grid planning, e.g., towards an offshore supergrid.
69 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...The power flow and optimal power flow calculations during the optimization process are performed using Matpower [7]....
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...Therefore, a power flow calculation with Matpower [7] is performed, where with the convergence of the calculation, a decision about the feasibility of the topology is made....
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...3) With the obtained admittance matrix, a power flow calculation is performed using Matpower [7]....
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TL;DR: A supervised machine learning–based scheme to detect a covert cyber deception assault in the state estimation–measurement feature data that are collected through a smart-grid communications network using a genetic algorithm–based feature selection in this scheme to improve detection accuracy and reduce computational complexity.
Abstract: The integration of computing and modern wireless communications techniques is enabling prolific intelligent monitoring and efficient control of electric power systems in the frameworks of smart grids. In parallel, an enhanced reliance on such technologies has increased the susceptibility of today’s smart grids to cyber-assaults. Recently, a new type of assault, termed covert cyber deception assault , has been introduced to infringe upon the integrity of smart grid data. Such assaults are designed and initiated by hackers who have considerably good knowledge of the power network topology and the security measures in place, and therefore, these assaults cannot be effectively detected by the bad-data detectors in traditional state estimators. In this paper, we propose a supervised machine learning–based scheme to detect a covert cyber deception assault in the state estimation–measurement feature data that are collected through a smart-grid communications network. The distinctive characteristic of the paper is that we use a genetic algorithm–based feature selection in our scheme to improve detection accuracy and reduce computational complexity. The proposed detection scheme is evaluated using standard IEEE 14-bus, 39-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus test systems. Through performance analysis, it is shown that the proposed scheme provides a significant improvement in covert cyber deception assault detection accuracy, compared with existing machine learning–based schemes.
69 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...0 toolbox [44] to generate the configuration of these test systems especially, the Jacobian matrix H ....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine the advantages of semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation and a sufficient condition test for global optimality of a candidate OPF solution, which can then be easily applied to a traditional, only-guaranteed-locally-optimal OPF solver.
Abstract: Recent applications of a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem offers a polynomial time method to compute a global optimum for a large subclass of OPF problems. In contrast, prior OPF solution methods in the literature guarantee only local optimality for the solution produced. However, solvers employing SDP relaxation remain significantly slower than mature OPF solution codes. This letter seeks to combine the advantages of the two methods. In particular, we develop an SDP-inspired sufficient condition test for global optimality of a candidate OPF solution. This test may then be easily applied to a candidate solution generated by a traditional, only-guaranteed-locally-optimal OPF solver.
69 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...When applied to the IEEE test systems [7] without minimum resistances, global optimality of solutions from MATPOWER’s interior point algorithm [5] was verified for the 14-, 30-, and 57-bus systems, but not for the 118- and 300-bus systems due to non-satisfaction of (7)....
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...2288009 However, solution of the SDP relaxation is still significantly slower than mature OPF algorithms, such as interior point methods [5]....
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07 Jan 2013
TL;DR: A random chemistry algorithm that can search through the enormous space of possible combinations of potential component outages to efficiently find large collections of the most dangerous combinations.
Abstract: This paper describes two new approaches to cascading failure analysis in power systems that can combine large amounts of data about cascading blackouts to produce information about the ways that cascades may propagate. In the first, we evaluate methods for representing cascading failure information in the form of a graph. We refer to these graphs as “dual graphs” because the vertices are the transmission lines (the physical links), rather than the more conventional approach of representing power system buses as vertices. Examples of these ideas using the IEEE 30 bus system indicate that the “dual graph” methods can provide useful insight into how cascades propagate. In the second part of the paper we describe a random chemistry algorithm that can search through the enormous space of possible combinations of potential component outages to efficiently find large collections of the most dangerous combinations. This method was applied to a power grid with 2896 transmission branches, and provides insight into component outages that are notably more likely than others to trigger a cascading failure. In the conclusions we discuss potential uses of these methods for power systems planning and operations.
68 citations
Cites methods from "MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..."
...We tested this algorithm using the power flow model of the Polish grid, which available with MATPOWER [33]....
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TL;DR: Results from this paper demonstrate that the joint analysis of both types of uncertainties are more useful, as they provide a range of reliability index values rather than a single crisp value as in the pure probabilistic approach.
Abstract: This paper proposes a joint methodology for quantifying both the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties of the transmission line end-of-life failure model. Aleatory uncertainty accounts for the well-known probabilistic or random failures. Epistemic uncertainty modeling accounts for the lack of knowledge and imprecision in the parameters of the failure model. Imprecision arises due to the lack of historical failure data as transmission lines have long life cycle. The studied transmission lines are also equipped with the dynamic thermal rating system. This reflects the current realistic situation where system operators are able to up-rate their networks due to the advancement of sensors, which is normally preferred over the purchase of new transmission assets. The end-of-life failure is modeled using the Arrhenius–Weibull model from the authors’ previous paper. Results from this paper demonstrate that the joint analysis of both types of uncertainties are more useful, as they provide a range of reliability index values rather than a single crisp value as in the pure probabilistic approach.
68 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method that is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities.
Abstract: This paper describes a simple, very reliable and extremely fast load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line routine and contingency calculations for networks of any size, and can be implemented efficiently on computers with restrictive core-store capacities. The method is a development on other recent work employing the MW-?/ MVAR-V decoupling principle, and its precise algorithmic form has been determined by extensive numerical studies. The paper gives details of the method's performance on a series of practical problems of up to 1080 buses. A solution to within 0.01 MW/MVAR maximum bus mismatches is normally obtained in 4 to 7 iterations, each iteration being equal in speed to 1? Gauss-Seidel iterations or 1/5th of a Newton iteration. Correlations of general interest between the power-mismatch convergence criterion and actual solution accuracy are obtained.
1,447 citations
TL;DR: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method because only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method are required for an exact solution.
Abstract: The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
1,112 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers methods in this paper
...The default solver is based on a standard Newton’s method [7] using a polar form and a full Jacobian updated at each iteration....
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TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
890 citations
"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This at least partially explains the lack of a graphical user interface used by some related tools such as PSAT [5]....
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...A nice summary of their features is presented in [5]....
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