Maturational Constraints on Language Development
Citations
3,115 citations
1,818 citations
1,304 citations
1,213 citations
Cites background from "Maturational Constraints on Languag..."
...(For other arguments against affect as an explanation for age effects, see Long, 1990.)...
[...]
...(For other arguments against input as an explanatory factor, see Long, 1990.)...
[...]
...Not only is there no agreed-upon explanation (see, e.g., Goldowsky & Newport, 1993; Harley & Wang, 1997; Long, 1990; for a recent overview of explanations, see Birdsong, 1999), but the very existence of the phenomenon is denied or played down by some researchers (e....
[...]
...Most literature reviews mention four different hypotheses: (a) Adults are more self-conscious and less able to identify with speakers of the target language than children, (b) adults receive less adequate input than children do, (c) adults have different cognitive mechanisms, and (d) adults show the effects of reduced neurological plasticity (see, e.g., Birdsong, 1999; Harley, 1986; Harley & Wang, 1997; Long, 1990; Singleton, 1989)....
[...]
...Recent reviews for age effects on ultimate attainment in pronunciation can be found in Bongaerts et al. (1997), Flege (1999), Harley and Wang (1997), Long (1990, 1993), and Patkowski (1994); a literature review for age effects on rate of acquisition can be found in Slavoff and Johnson (1995)....
[...]
1,004 citations
References
5,178 citations
4,167 citations
"Maturational Constraints on Languag..." refers background in this paper
...Doubts exist as to the age at which the formal operations stage is attained, with Piaget specifying 14/15 or older; Ausubel (1968) claiming 10-12, with some individuals never doing so; and some critics (e....
[...]
3,321 citations
2,490 citations