Maximal oxygen uptake in four species of small mammals.
TL;DR: The ratios maximal O2/standard O2, 6 to 7 about in the four rodents studied, are less than those for dog, horse and man.
About: This article is published in Respiration Physiology.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 132 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: VO2 max.
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TL;DR: It is shown that interspecific variation in BMR, as well as field metabolic rates of mammals, and basal or standard metabolic rates for many other organisms, including vertebrates, invertebrates, protists and plants, all scale with exponents whose confidence intervals include 3 / 4 and exclude 2 / 3.
Abstract: Summary 1. Recent studies have resurrected the debate over the value for the allometric scaling exponent that relates whole-organism metabolic rate to body size. Is it 3 / 4 or 2 / 3 ? This question has been raised before and resolved in favour of 3 / 4 . Like previous ones, recent claims for a value of 2 / 3 are based almost entirely on basal metabolic rate (BMR) in mammals. 2. Here we compile and analyse a new, larger data set for mammalian BMR. We show that interspecific variation in BMR, as well as field metabolic rates of mammals, and basal or standard metabolic rates for many other organisms, including vertebrates, invertebrates, protists and plants, all scale with exponents whose confidence intervals include 3 / 4 and exclude 2 / 3 . Our analysis of maximal metabolic rate gives a slope that is greater than and confidence intervals that exclude both 3 / 4 and 2 / 3 . 3. Additionally, numerous other physiological rates that are closely tied to metabolism in a wide variety of organisms, including heart and respiratory rates in mammals, scale as M − 1/4 . 4. The fact that quarter-power allometric scaling is so pervasive in biology suggests that different allometric relations have a common, mechanistic origin and provides an empirical basis for theoretical models that derive these scaling exponents.
646 citations
Cites background from "Maximal oxygen uptake in four speci..."
...Plots of the basal (Hart 1971; Heusner 1991; Lovegrove 2000; Lovegrove 2003; White & Seymour 2003), field (Nagy et al. 1999) and maximal metabolic rates (Pasquis et al. 1970; Hart 1971; Lechner 1978; Prothero 1979; Taylor et al. 1981; Taylor et al. 1988; Bishop 1999; Sapoval et al. 2002)....
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TL;DR: Resting and maximal levels of oxygen consumption of endothermic vertebrates exceed those of ectotherms by an average of five- to tenfold and have a much broader range of activity that can be sustained by this augmented aerobic metabolism.
Abstract: Resting and maximal levels of oxygen consumption of endothermic vertebrates exceed those of ectotherms by an average of five- to tenfold. Endotherms have a much broader range of activity that can be sustained by this augmented aerobic metabolism. Ectotherms are more reliant upon, and limited by, anaerobic metabolism during activity. A principal factor in the evolution of endothermy was the increase in aerobic capacities to support sustained activity.
639 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that many facets of the thermoregulatory system of the laboratory rat are typical to that of most homeothermic species, however, is several instances the rat exhibits unique thermoreGulatory responses which are not comparable to other species.
506 citations
TL;DR: A ten-stage treadmill test was developed and standardized to secure the VO2max of male and female rats assigned to various cross-sectional and longitudinal experimental groups and repeated measurements indicated that the test procedure was reliable and could be used for research purposes.
Abstract: A ten-stage treadmill test was developed and standardized to secure the VO2max of male and female rats assigned to various cross-sectional and longitudinal experimental groups. Repeated measurements indicated that the test procedure was reliable and could be used for research purposes. When the test was used with different strains, the untrained Sprague-Dawley rats had significantly higher VO2max values than animals of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) or the Okamoto-Aoki (SHR) strains. Exercise schedules were evaluated that were similar to those previously used by various investigators and it was found that most were exercising their rats at levels exceeding 75% VO2max. After 6--10 wk of chronic exercise, significant increases in VO2max occurred that ranged between 12 and 26%. Longitudinal studies (1 yr) with hypertensive (SHR) rats revealed that it was more desirable to logarithmically evaluate the relationship between VO2max and body mass than by the conventional method of ml . kg-1 . min-1. When this approach was used with SHR animals, the VO2max differences between the sexes were not apparent until the animals were 1 yr of age. On the other hand, training by male SHR rats caused significant increases in VO2max regardless of the method used to express the results. It is recommended that future studies designed to elucidate exercise mechanisms in rats should include a standardized VO2max test.
472 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that structural design is a limiting factor for O2 flow at each level of the respiratory system is justified and the methods and results for maximal O2 consumption, pulmonary diffusing capacity, mitochondrial volume, and capillary density in muscles are presented.
368 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Astrand as mentioned in this paper defended a thesis in order to gain the Doctor of medicine degree at the central gymnastic Institute (for the first time at this institute), and the author´s summary of that part of the thesis, which dealt with the suitability of school sporte for different ages and sexes, is given below.
Abstract: In April 1952, at the central gymnastic Institute (for the first time at this institute), P. – O. Astrand defended a thesis in order to gain the Doctor of medicine degree. This thesis is of great interest and the author´s summary of that part of the thesis, which deals with the suitability of school sporte for different ages and sexes, is given below.
723 citations
TL;DR: For an analysis of the energy expenditure as related to the work performance in exercising dogs, the O2 consumption and the lactic acid production were determined at rest and during running on a treadmill.
Abstract: For an analysis of the energy expenditure as related to the work performance in exercising dogs, the O2 consumption and the lactic acid production were determined at rest and during running on a tr...
57 citations