Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic-Fed Multi-Source Switched Capacitor Based Multilevel Inverter
20 Mar 2020-
TL;DR: In this paper, a shifting carrier based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for multisource converters is proposed and is able to track the maximum power under varying irradiance levels.
Abstract: In this paper, a shifting carrier based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for multisource converters is proposed. This MPPT algorithm is explained for both low frequency (constant carrier) and high frequency (triangular) carrier signals. The proposed algorithm is applied for a single stage multisource switched capacitor based multilevel inverter for grid connected and stand-alone photovoltaic applications. This converter features high gain, less component count, self capacitor charge balancing, better dispersed value of sources and increased source utilization. The importance of selecting an appropriate pulse width modulation technique for switched capacitor based inverters in order to maintain the capacitor charging time is explained. The proposed technique is able to track the maximum power under varying irradiance levels. The experimental results of the proposed algorithm is presented. The MPPT technique is analyzed and verified in simulation for stand-alone and grid connected applications using MATLAB/Simulink platform.
References
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TL;DR: This paper proposes a modulation strategy for reverse-mode operation by utilizing three phase-shift angles afforded by the two active full bridges of the circuit and identifies the optimal modulation trajectories in 3-D modulation space and implements a lookup-table-based modulator for power flow control.
Abstract: The series resonant dc-dc converter with clamped capacitor voltage exhibits excellent characteristics in forward operating mode, including simple control, high reliability, soft switching, high power density, and inherently limited load fault current. However, the conventional single angle phase-shift modulation that works well in the forward mode cannot reverse the power flow. In this paper, we propose a modulation strategy for reverse-mode operation by utilizing three phase-shift angles afforded by the two active full bridges of the circuit. We identify the optimal modulation trajectories in 3-D modulation space and implement a lookup-table-based modulator for power flow control. A high-fidelity simulation model of a 35-kW 750-V input, 300-600-V output, and 50-kHz insulated-gate bipolar-transistor-based converter was used for verification. The proposed modulation scheme and efficiency calculations were validated on a scaled-down (15-kW) prototype. The power loss distribution was analyzed for further converter efficiency optimization.
39 citations
"Maximum Power Point Tracking for Ph..." refers background in this paper
...These converters require a complex control circuitry for power reversal [7]....
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TL;DR: The proposed topology features less number of components, high gain, self-charging capability of capacitors, reduced size of filter components, and a comprehensive comparative study of the proposed converter topology with the topologies in the literature is given.
Abstract: In this paper, a multisource switched capacitor based boost multilevel inverter is proposed. The proposed topology features less number of components, high gain, self-charging capability of capacitors, reduced size of filter components. The modes of operation of the proposed converter and design guidelines of converter components are discussed. A comprehensive comparative study of the proposed converter topology with the topologies in the literature is given. Analytical expression for capacitor energy utilization (CEU) factor for the proposed topology is derived and the feasibility of the proposed converter with respect to CEU for the designed power rating is verified. The analytical performance of the proposed converter topology is verified through simulation studies. The common mode voltage and leakage current in the proposed topology are analyzed. Experimental prototype of the proposed converter topology with two sources and two capacitors for power rating of 500 W is developed and tested with resistive, inductive, and nonlinear loads. The experimental and simulated results are in close agreement with the analytical steady-state performance of the proposed converter.
36 citations
"Maximum Power Point Tracking for Ph..." refers background or methods in this paper
...3 shows the proposed multi-source SCBMLI topology with 2 sources (V1, V2) and 2 capacitors (C1, C2) [24]....
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...An SC based boost multilevel inverter (SCBMLI) topology is presented in [24]....
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...SCBMLI TOPOLOGY AND PWM TECHNIQUE The SCBMLI topology presented in [24] employs two types of generic units i....
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...The structure of the topology presented in [24] and the proposed control scheme along with experimental and simulation results are presented in following sections....
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...Structure of the SCBMLI topology proposed in [24]...
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TL;DR: A feedforward proportional carrier-based pulsewidth modulation is proposed for the dc link control of the single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic inverter and it is not only easy for implementation, but also requires only one total dc voltage controller in the outer voltage loop.
Abstract: In this paper, a feedforward proportional carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is proposed for the dc link control of the single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic inverter. The conventional carrier-based PWM techniques, such as the phase-shifted PWM and the level-shifted PWM, require multiple individual dc voltage controllers for the individual maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Thus, the control structure and the controllers’ designs are quite complex. Several noncarrier-based PWM techniques, such as the feedforward space vector modulation, the sorting-algorithm-based modulation, and the lookup table-based modulation, have the capability of individual dc voltage regulation. Although these noncarrier-based PWM techniques require only one total dc voltage controller in the outer voltage loop, the implementations of them are much more complicated than those of the carrier-based PWM techniques. In this paper, with the proposed feedforward proportional carrier-based PWM, each individual modulation signal is directly generated by multiplying the current loop controller’s output and the modulation signal’s feedforward proportional factor. With the feedforward PWM and the total dc voltage control, the individual dc voltage regulation is achieved. This carrier-based PWM combines the strengths of both the traditional carrier-based PWM and the noncarrier-based PWM. It is not only easy for implementation, but also requires only one total dc voltage controller in the outer voltage loop. The detailed description, derivation, and analysis of this modulation are included in this paper. In addition, the simulations and experiments demonstrate the performance of the dc link control and the individual MPPT using the proposed PWM and the control strategy.
27 citations
"Maximum Power Point Tracking for Ph..." refers methods in this paper
...A feed-forward proportional carrier-based MPPT technique is presented in [23] for multisource cascaded H-bridge topology....
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...Different MPPT techniques are presented in the literature for multi-source converters (such as cascaded H-bridge) [20]–[23]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a single-stage switched capacitor (SC) based inverter that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) source and generates a pure sine output is presented.
Abstract: A switched capacitor (SC) based inverter that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) source and generates a pure sine output is presented. To enable integration with the PV module, efficiency and compactness are maximized with a single-stage topology that tracks the MPP of the PV source, boosts the input dc voltage, and generates a regulated ac output in a stand-alone configuration with scope for grid-connected applications. The SC inverter is realized with multiple identical SC blocks controlled by sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation and load-dependent output capacitor adjustment. A detailed steady-state analysis is carried out, and a mathematical model is derived to understand the interdependence of various inverter parameters on each other and to optimally choose the inverter components. A hardware prototype of the stand-alone single-stage SC inverter that operates from a 60 V/70 W PV module and delivers a 110 Vrms, 50 Hz output is wired to demonstrate the functioning of the proposed MPP tracking inverter under different operating conditions. An inversion efficiency > 95%, a tracking efficiency > 97%, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) <; 4% have been practically achieved. All the details of this work are presented.
26 citations
"Maximum Power Point Tracking for Ph..." refers background in this paper
...Switched capacitor (SC) based converters [8], [9] switches the...
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TL;DR: The proposed converter achieves high efficiency by reducing the current through the devices, while the use of an interleaved full-bridge configuration reduces input current ripple and provides additional control degrees.
Abstract: Induction heating (IH) has become the technology of choice in many industrial, domestic, and medical applications due to its high efficiency and performance. This paper proposes an interleaved resonant boost inverter featuring SiC three-phase module to achieve high efficiency and performance IH power supply. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency by reducing the current through the devices, while the use of an interleaved full-bridge configuration reduces input current ripple and provides additional control degrees. The proposed converter has been designed, implemented, and tested experimentally, proving the feasibility of this proposal.
25 citations
"Maximum Power Point Tracking for Ph..." refers background in this paper
...The resonance based converters [5], [6] employ inductor (either parasitic or additional inductor) and capacitance to operate in resonance....
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