Measurement of forces between two mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions in the range 0–100 nm
01 Jan 1978-Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 74, pp 975-1001
TL;DR: The main results and conclusions of experimental measurements of the forces between molecularly smooth mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions are as follows: as mentioned in this paper, and they are based on the following assumptions:
Abstract: The main results and conclusions of experimental measurements of the forces between molecularly smooth mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions are as follows:
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the atomic force microscope to measure the forces between a planar surface and an individual colloid particle, a silica sphere of radius 3.5 µm, attached to the force sensor in the microscope and measured in solutions of sodium chloride.
Abstract: THE forces between colloidal particles dominate the behaviour of a great variety of materials, including paints, paper, soil, clays and (in some circumstances) cells. Here we describe the use of the atomic force microscope to measure directly the force between a planar surface and an individual colloid particle. The particle, a silica sphere of radius 3.5 µm, was attached to the force sensor in the microscope and the force between the particle and the surface was measured in solutions of sodium chloride. The measurements are consistent with the double-layer theory1,2 of colloidal forces, although at very short distances there are deviations that may be attributed to hydration forces3–6 or surface roughness, and with previous studies on macroscopic systems4–6. Similar measurements should be possible for a wide range of the particulate and fibrous materials that are often encountered in industrial contexts, provided that they can be attached to the microscope probe.
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TL;DR: The spring constant of microfabricated cantilevers used in scanning force microscopy (SFM) can be determined by measuring their resonant frequencies before and after adding small end masses as mentioned in this paper.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of colloidal processing of ceramics is presented with an emphasis on interparticle forces, suspension rheology, consolidation techniques, and drying behavior.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present theories describing colloid mobilization, deposition, and transport, laboratory experiments in model systems designed to test these theories, and applications of these theories to colloid-facilitated transport experiments in natural groundwater systems.
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