Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age
Citations
836 citations
Cites background or methods from "Measuring and using light in the me..."
...In humans, exposure to short-wavelength monochromatic light in the evening has been shown to induce greater circadian and alerting responses than exposure to the same number of photons of longer-wavelength monochromatic light (17–19, 28–34), even though the shorter-wavelength light may have a much lower illuminance level when measured in photopic lux (35)....
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...The irradiance output in the range of 380–780 nm at 4-nm intervals was converted to 1-nm intervals for calculation of the human retinal photopigment illuminance measures (cyanopic, melanopic, rhodopic, chloropic, and erythropic lux) (35)....
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...For this reason, it has recently been proposed that lux is an inappropriate measure for estimation of the impact of light on melatonin suppression, circadian-phase shifting, and other non–imageforming effects of retinal light exposure (35)....
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431 citations
Cites background from "Measuring and using light in the me..."
...For the retinal processing of blue wavelengths, the mammalian retinas have up to five highly specialized subtypes of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which use a specialized photopigment, melanopsin, to respond to light (31, 68)....
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322 citations
Cites background from "Measuring and using light in the me..."
...In most individuals, the SCN clock is set to solar time by photic input pathways originating in the retina [6]; the SCN then synchronize peripheral clocks through neuronal pathways, hormone rhythms, core body temperature, and behaviors such as the cycle of feeding and fasting [3]....
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317 citations
Cites background from "Measuring and using light in the me..."
...Thus, the current view is that no single photoreceptor type is necessary for the synchronization of circadian rhythms with external light-dark cycles [30,31]....
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235 citations
Cites background or methods from "Measuring and using light in the me..."
...Using these data, two spectral sensitivity functions and one mathematical model have been proposed and published in peer-reviewed journals, as described by Lucas et al. (2014)....
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...It is also important that researchers start reporting the light stimulus used in their studies in a more uniform manner, as proposed by Lucas et al. (2014)....
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References
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