Q2. What is the purpose of the rubro?
Fortalecimiento la transparencia: este rubro comprende el fortalecimiento deprocedimientos, creación de la política de bienestar, cultura organizacional ycapacitaciones para la planta de personal.
Measuring the efficiency of decision making units
01 Nov 1978-European Journal of Operational Research (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH)-Vol. 2, Iss: 6, pp 429-444
TL;DR: A nonlinear (nonconvex) programming model provides a new definition of efficiency for use in evaluating activities of not-for-profit entities participating in public programs and methods for objectively determining weights by reference to the observational data for the multiple outputs and multiple inputs that characterize such programs.
About: This article is published in European Journal of Operational Research.The article was published on 1978-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 25433 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Programming paradigm & Data envelopment analysis.
Summary (2 min read)
Jump to: [1.1.1. Estructura jurídica del presupuesto.] – [1.3. Ejecución presupuestal] – [1.4. Evaluación de la ejecución presupuestaria mediante el indicador de eficiencia] – [1.4.1. Eficiencia.] – [2.1. Análisis radar] – [2.2.1. Descripción del modelo.] and [2.2.2. Aplicación del modelo DEA en la ejecución del plan mensualizado de Caja]
1.1.1. Estructura jurídica del presupuesto.
- La estructura sustancial del presupuesto público, se establece dentro de los artículos 345 a 355 de la Constitución Política de Colombia (nociones, principios y generalidades).
- El presupuesto por su complejidad, puede clasificarse de distintas maneras: según su flexibilidad (fijo o variable), según su periodo (corto, mediano o largo plazo), según el campo que cubre (de operación o financiero), según el sector (privado o público).
- Así mismo, puede además de ello, tener sub- clasificaciones: por institucionalidad (Entidades Nacionales y Territoriales), por objeto del gasto (Inversión o Funcionamiento), por, por programas, proyectos, entre otros; razón por la cual, al hablar de presupuesto en realidad se hace alusión un sistema presupuestal.
- Sin embargo, para efectos de esta investigación, es pertinente concentrarse en los principios de: Planificación, Anualidad y Programación integral.
1.3. Ejecución presupuestal
- En tal sentido, la ejecución del presupuesto de inversión, incluye tener precisión de (…) los requerimientos para adquirir compromisos y ordenación de los gastos.
- En otras palabras, el proceso de ejecución presupuestal implica una adecuada planificación, tanto en los instrumentos de orientación de políticas (Plan de Desarrollo), como en los instrumentos de carácter operativo (PAC).
1.4. Evaluación de la ejecución presupuestaria mediante el indicador de eficiencia
- En términos de evaluación presupuestaria, uno de los indicadores más importantes para las empresas del sector público es la eficiencia, gracias a este indicador es posible medir la gestión.
- La gerencia pública debe orientar su acción hacia resultados para visualizar a un mayor plazo sus planes y políticas.
- Gestión eficiente y comprometida con los resultados implica transformaciones importantes en el funcionamiento de las instituciones públicas.
- Se requiere, entre otras cosas, desarrollar liderazgos que impulsen el cambio, incorporar técnicas modernas de gestión, establecer metas medibles de desempeño, todo ello dentro de un marco de participación y compromiso de los distintos estamentos en una gestión de mejor calidad.
1.4.1. Eficiencia.
- El indicador de eficiencia ha sido ampliamente desarrollado desde varias perspectivas y por diversos autores; desde una visión ortodoxa, economistas clásicos como Adam Smith y David Ricardo consideran que existe una relación entre insumos y resultados que permite evaluar la optimización de los recursos mínimos para la producción de bienes (Morantes Gil, 2014, p. 36)).
- Así mismo, las empresas evalúan su desempeño en los costos de recursos y el tiempo requerido para la ejecución de los procesos, mediante métodos de medición del desarrollo.
- Por otro lado, la eficiencia también puede considerarse como una relación entre las estructuras administrativas y financiera y el manejo de los recursos y optimización de los mismos.
2.1. Análisis radar
- Es un gráfico circular que generalmente es utilizado para comparar varios datos, su eje X esta denominado por la circunferencia del gráfico, donde cada eje indica el valor de cada dato especifico; este gráfico principalmente se utiliza para comparar datos analizados u observados.
- Por lo tanto, este tipo de grafico permite lograr una mejor visualización de las variables observadas, también permite evaluar y estimar el desempeño de cada dato analizado.
- Hay que considerar además que, el análisis grafico radar, se realiza con los datos obtenidos, una vez corrido el modelo DEA.
2.2.1. Descripción del modelo.
- Se origino, como un modelo matemático creado por Charnes, Cooper y Rhodes, Seiford en el año 1978; utilizado para el análisis de eficiencia del programa de educación Follow-Through2 de las escuelas públicas de los Estados Unidos.
- Así mismo, este método analiza cuál de las entradas observadas es la mejor y cuál de ellas alcanza la frontera.
- Eficiencia técnica comparada en elevadores de granos de Argentina, bajo una aplicación de análisis envolvente de datos, also known as Fuente.
2.2.2. Aplicación del modelo DEA en la ejecución del plan mensualizado de Caja
- Así mismo, la flexibilidad del modelo permitió que se implementaran otros modelos, “los cuales extienden a los conceptos generales expuestos previamente y que complementan la evaluación de la eficiencia simple.
- No obstante, para poder realizar una adecuada interpretación de los resultados, se hace necesario identificar el objetivo de los rubros de inversión más representativos: Administración del Talento Humano: hace referencia al pago de los docentes, dicho rubro se paga por inversión y no por funcionamiento, ya que este dinero se recibe vía transferencia de la Nación.
- Jornada Educativa de 40 Horas Semanales para la Excelencia Académica y la Formación Integral y Jornada Física: dicho programa buscaba implementar la jornada escolar de 40 horas semanales en los colegios oficiales del Distrito Capital.
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Citations
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TL;DR: The CCR ratio form introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, as part of their Data Envelopment Analysis approach, comprehends both technical and scale inefficiencies via the optimal value of the ratio form, as obtained directly from the data without requiring a priori specification of weights and/or explicit delineation of assumed functional forms of relations between inputs and outputs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In management contexts, mathematical programming is usually used to evaluate a collection of possible alternative courses of action en route to selecting one which is best. In this capacity, mathematical programming serves as a planning aid to management. Data Envelopment Analysis reverses this role and employs mathematical programming to obtain ex post facto evaluations of the relative efficiency of management accomplishments, however they may have been planned or executed. Mathematical programming is thereby extended for use as a tool for control and evaluation of past accomplishments as well as a tool to aid in planning future activities. The CCR ratio form introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, as part of their Data Envelopment Analysis approach, comprehends both technical and scale inefficiencies via the optimal value of the ratio form, as obtained directly from the data without requiring a priori specification of weights and/or explicit delineation of assumed functional forms of relations between inputs and outputs. A separation into technical and scale efficiencies is accomplished by the methods developed in this paper without altering the latter conditions for use of DEA directly on observational data. Technical inefficiencies are identified with failures to achieve best possible output levels and/or usage of excessive amounts of inputs. Methods for identifying and correcting the magnitudes of these inefficiencies, as supplied in prior work, are illustrated. In the present paper, a new separate variable is introduced which makes it possible to determine whether operations were conducted in regions of increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale in multiple input and multiple output situations. The results are discussed and related not only to classical single output economics but also to more modern versions of economics which are identified with "contestable market theories."
14,941 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1999TL;DR: In this article, the basic CCR model and DEA models with restricted multipliers are discussed. But they do not consider the effect of non-discretionary and categorical variables.
Abstract: List of Tables. List of Figures. Preface. 1. General Discussion. 2. The Basic CCR Model. 3. The CCR Model and Production Correspondence. 4. Alternative DEA Models. 5. Returns to Scale. 6. Models with Restricted Multipliers. 7. Discretionary, Non-Discretionary and Categorical Variables. 8. Allocation Models. 9. Data Variations. Appendices. Index.
4,395 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified version of DEA based upon comparison of efficient DMUs relative to a reference technology spanned by all other units is developed, which provides a framework for ranking efficient units and facilitates comparison with rankings based on parametric methods.
Abstract: Data Envelopment Analysis DEA evaluates the relative efficiency of decision-making units DMUs but does not allow for a ranking of the efficient units themselves. A modified version of DEA based upon comparison of efficient DMUs relative to a reference technology spanned by all other units is developed. The procedure provides a framework for ranking efficient units and facilitates comparison with rankings based on parametric methods.
3,320 citations
Cites methods from "Measuring the efficiency of decisio..."
...Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as developed by Charnes et al. (1978) and extended by Banker et al....
[...]
TL;DR: The authors survey 130 studies that apply frontier efficiency analysis to financial institutions in 21 countries and find that the various efficiency methods do not necessarily yield consistent results and suggest some ways that these methods might be improved to bring about findings that are more consistent, accurate, and useful.
2,983 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a coherent data-generating process (DGP) is described for nonparametric estimates of productive efficiency on environmental variables in two-stage procedures to account for exogenous factors that might affect firms’ performance.
2,915 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1961TL;DR: In place of a survey or evaluation of industrial studies, two broad issues which are relevant to all such applications will be discussed, including the use of linear programming models as guides to data collection and analysis and prognosis of fruitful areas of additional research, especially those which appear to have been opened by industrial applications.
Abstract: An accelerating increase in linear programming applications to industrial problems has made it virtually impossible to keep abreast of them, not only because of their number and diversity but also because of the conditions under which many are carried out. Industrial and governmental secrecy is often present. Other conditions also bar access to ascertainment and assessment of the pattern of applications. Lack of a tradition for publication is one. Failure to ascertain the general significance of particular findings is another, as is discouragement arising from the fact that similar applications have previously been published by others. Immediate remedies are not available for these difficulties. Presumably conventions such as this will help, over a period of time, by encouraging informal contacts between interested persons.
A talk on “industrial applications of linear programming” must be altered to suit these circumstances. In place of a survey or evaluation of industrial studies, two broad issues which are relevant to all such applications will be discussed. These are, 1 use of linear programming models as guides to data collection and 2 analysis and prognosis of fruitful areas of additional research, especially those which appear to have been opened by industrial applications.
1,763 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: The history of the calculus can be traced back to the Calculus of Differential and Integral Calculus (DIC) as discussed by the authors, which is a generalization of the integral calculus.
Abstract: * General Introduction * Tools from Logic * Differential and Integral Calculus * General Topology * Functions of a Real Variable * Functions of a Complex Variable * Linear Spaces * Topological Groups and Lie Groups * Selected Topics * Concerning the History of the Calculus
1,386 citations
673 citations
613 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors argue that this type of inefficiency can usefully be assimilated into the traditional theory of allocative inefficiency and argue that failures to reach the ultimate limits of output from given inputs in any state of technology can be attributed to inadequacy of knowledge alone, or adds also inadequate "motivation."
Abstract: Harvey Leibenstein called attention in an influential article (1966) to a source of economic inefficiency which was given the awful name of X[in]efficiency. He cited studies in which misallocations of resources due to monopoly or tariffs had trifling social costs, whereas simple failure to attain the production frontier apparently led to social losses of a vastly greater magnitude. I propose to argue that this type of inefficiency can usefully be assimilated into the traditional theory of allocative inefficiency. It is a question (to be discussed below) whether one ascribes failures to reach the ultimate limits of output from given inputs in any state of technology to inadequacy of knowledge alone, or adds also inadequate "motivation." Leibenstein (1966) separates the two:
374 citations