Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Flax Fiber-reinforced Plastic Composites Based on a Chemical Modification Method
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different treatment methods and process parameters on the mechanical and interfacial properties of flax fiber-reinforced plastic (FFRP) composites materials was studied.
Abstract: Due to growing interest in environmental protection, eco-friendly fibers with high specific strength and low cost are widely used to reinforce matrix materials. Flax fiber is a natural renewable plant fiber that originates from the phloem of flax. Flax fibers not only have the characteristics of other natural fibers but also have the outstanding mechanical properties of natural fibers. However, due to the large amount of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on the surface, the hydrophilic absorption of flax fibers is large, and the wet-heat durability of the composite is poor, which limits the use of flax fiber as a reinforcement material in civil engineering applications. In this study, based on the research results of flax fiber, a flax fiber sheet was grafted with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, a silane coupling agent and nano-TiO2 particles. The effect of different treatment methods and process parameters on the mechanical and interfacial properties of flax fiber-reinforced plastic (FFRP) composites materials was studied. The results show that the FFRP composites grafted with multiwalled carbon nanotubes have higher tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength than those grafted with the same content of nano-TiO2 particles. Flax fiber composites with improved interfacial properties can be obtained by grafting flax fiber sheets, but the content of particles on the flax fiber surface should not exceed 2.0 wt.% of nano-TiO2 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Under this treatment, the FFRP composites have improved properties, such as tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength and glass transition temperature.
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TL;DR: In this article , the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared, and the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and Fly Ash Cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent.
Abstract: In this paper, the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared. In order to improve the bonding properties between wooden fiber/fly ash cenosphere and epoxy resin, the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent. The effects of different process parameters on the surface modification effect of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the materials before and after the filler modification were tested, and the microscopic interfacial structures of the matrix with wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, based on LS‐DYNA simulation software, the energy‐absorbing performance of energy‐absorbing boxes prepared from AA6061 aluminum alloy and modified wooden fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites were compared in low‐velocity collisions.
02 Feb 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , X-ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, second harmonic generation imaging microscopy (SGIIM), Fourier transform infrared (FTI) and Xray diffractometry etc. were combined for the scientific examination of the surface treatment technique and degradation characteristics of hemp textiles from six mid-Qing thangkas.
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, X-ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy, second harmonic generation imaging microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry etc. were combined for the scientific examination of the surface treatment technique and degradation characteristics of hemp textiles from six mid-Qing thangkas. The results showed that kaolinite was added as a filler in the production of the canvas, and the fiber morphology and molecular structure of the six hemp thangka textiles were disparate from those of fresh hemp. Specifically, the canvas fiber surfaces were rough, with twisting, deformation, fracture, and decreased cellulose crystallinity indexes. Those results indicated that all six thangkas had undergone significant degradation, which was relatively severe in samples TK16 and TK18. By complimentary evidence derived from the above analyses, the information on the production technique and degradation degree of this group of precious thangkas were obtained, thus enabling the accurate assessment of the preservation status of the thangkas, and providing a scientific basis for its conservation and restoration.
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TL;DR: In this article, different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed, including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents and permanganate.
Abstract: Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved.
2,286 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of chemical additives such as fibre treatments, fire retardants and Ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers are also addressed, and it was concluded that an optimum blend ratio of chemical additive must be employed to achieve a balance between strength and durability requirements for natural fibre composites.
1,042 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the use of flax fibres as reinforcement in composites has gained popularity due to an increasing requirement for developing sustainable materials, such as glass fibres.
Abstract: In recent years, the use of flax fibres as reinforcement in composites has gained popularity due to an increasing requirement for developing sustainable materials. Flax fibres are cost-effective and offer specific mechanical properties comparable to those of glass fibres. Composites made of flax fibres with thermoplastic, thermoset, and biodegradable matrices have exhibited good mechanical properties. This review presents a summary of recent developments of flax fibre and its composites. Firstly, the fibre structure, mechanical properties, cost, the effect of various parameters (i.e. relative humidity, various physical/chemical treatments, gauge length, fibre diameter, fibre location in a stem, oleaginous, mechanical defects such as kink bands) on tensile properties of flax fibre have been reviewed. Secondly, the effect of fibre configuration (i.e. in forms of fabric, mat, yarn, roving and monofilament), manufacturing processes, fibre volume, and fibre/matrix interface parameters on the mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed. Next, the studies of life cycle assessment and durability investigation of flax fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed.
958 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reinforcement potential of natural fibers and their properties have been described in numerous papers and the chemical composition and properties of each of the fibers changes, which demands the detailed comparison of these fibers.
Abstract: Natural fibers today are a popular choice for applications in composite manufacturing. Based on the sustainability benefits, biofibers such as plant fibers are replacing synthetic fibers in composites. These fibers are used to manufacture several biocomposites. The chemical composition and properties of each of the fibers changes, which demands the detailed comparison of these fibers. The reinforcement potential of natural fibers and their properties have been described in numerous papers. Today, high performance biocomposites are produced from several years of research. Plant fibers, particularly bast and leaf, find applications in automotive industries. While most of the other fibers are explored in lab scales they have not yet found large-scale commercial applications. It is necessary to also consider other fibers such as ones made from seed (coir) and animals (chicken feather) as they are secondary or made from waste products. Few plant fibers such as bast fibers are often reviewed briefly but other p...
447 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, preliminary results about both the chemical and physical behaviours of hemp fibres in calcium rich medium are presented, and it seems that pectin contained in the fibres can form complex molecules with calcium ions and could be responsible for the observed delay.
Abstract: In this paper, preliminary results about both the chemical and physical behaviours of hemp fibres in calcium rich medium are presented. The influence of hemp fibres introduction in Portland cement pastes on the setting time has been investigated. It seems that pectin contained in the fibres can form complex molecules with calcium ions and could be responsible for the observed delay. The role of fibres surface treatment has been also studied. Chemical attack of the fibres surface by an alkaline and calcium rich solution degrades hemicelluloses contained in the fibres and seems to roughen the surface. This surface modification seems to play a major role in the strengthening of the cement/fibres interface. These results show that hemp fibres introduced in cement pastes exhibit a typical composite behaviour compared to cement sample, which lead to an improvement of the mechanical properties.
278 citations