Mechanically alloyed nanocomposites
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent advances in the synthesis and properties of nanocomposites obtained by mechanical alloying has been presented, including metal-based and ceramic-based composites.
About: This article is published in Progress in Materials Science.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 605 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Precipitation hardening & Ceramic.
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TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art research on particle reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) with selective laser melting (SLM) is presented.
309 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the GNSs content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of the composites were investigated, and it was indicated that the aggregation of GNS contents in the composite is apparent, which seriously separates the matrix and results in low mechanical properties.
205 citations
30 May 2019
TL;DR: The application of mechanical alloying to synthesize some advanced materials such as pure metals and alloys, hydrogen storage materials, and energy materials is described and an outlook on future prospects of this technique is concluded.
Abstract: Mechanical alloying is a solid-state powder processing technique that involves repeated cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. Originally developed about 50 years ago to produce oxide-dispersion-strengthened Ni- and Fe-based superalloys for aerospace and high temperature applications, it is now recognized as an important technique to synthesize metastable and advanced materials with a high potential for widespread applications. The metastable materials produced include supersaturated solid solutions, intermediate phases, quasicrystalline phases, amorphous alloys, and high-entropy alloys. Additionally, nanocrystalline phases have been produced in virtually every alloy system. Because of the fineness of the powders, their consolidation to full density without any porosity being present is a challenging problem. Several novel methods have been developed to overcome this issue. Powder contamination during milling and subsequent consolidation constitutes another issue; this can be resolved, though expensive. A number of applications have been developed for these novel materials. This review article presents an overview of the process of mechanical alloying, mechanism of grain refinement to nanometer levels, and preparation of materials such as nanocomposites and metallic glasses. The application of mechanical alloying to synthesize some advanced materials such as pure metals and alloys, hydrogen storage materials, and energy materials is described. The article concludes with an outlook on future prospects of this technique.
142 citations
Cites background from "Mechanically alloyed nanocomposites..."
...Therefore, several investigations have been undertaken to produce improved nanocomposites through MA [20]....
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...These novel nanocomposites can exhibit properties far superior to those that have conventional grain sizes and sometimes even completely new behavior [16, 17, 20]....
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142 citations
15 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the recent advancements in the fabrication of metal matrix nanocomposites starting with manufacturing routes and different nanoparticles, intricacies of the underlying physics, and the mechanisms of particle dispersion in a particle-metal composite system.
Abstract: Lightweight high-strength metal matrix nano-composites (MMNCs) can be used in a wide variety of applications, e.g., aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering, owing to their sustainability, increased specific strength/stiffness, enhanced elevated temperature strength, improved wear, or corrosion resistance. A metallic matrix, commonly comprising of light aluminum or magnesium alloys, can be significantly strengthened even by very low weight fractions (~1 wt%) of well-dispersed nanoparticles. This review discusses the recent advancements in the fabrication of metal matrix nanocomposites starting with manufacturing routes and different nanoparticles, intricacies of the underlying physics, and the mechanisms of particle dispersion in a particle-metal composite system. Thereafter, the microstructural influences of the nanoparticles on the composite system are outlined and the theory of the strengthening mechanisms is also explained. Finally, microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of the selected MMNCs are discussed as well.
141 citations
References
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NEC1
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Abstract: THE synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C60 and other fullerenes1 has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes. Produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis, the needles grow at the negative end of the electrode used for the arc discharge. Electron microscopy reveals that each needle comprises coaxial tubes of graphitic sheets, ranging in number from 2 up to about 50. On each tube the carbon-atom hexagons are arranged in a helical fashion about the needle axis. The helical pitch varies from needle to needle and from tube to tube within a single needle. It appears that this helical structure may aid the growth process. The formation of these needles, ranging from a few to a few tens of nanometres in diameter, suggests that engineering of carbon structures should be possible on scales considerably greater than those relevant to the fullerenes. On 7 November 1991, Sumio Iijima announced in Nature the preparation of nanometre-size, needle-like tubes of carbon — now familiar as 'nanotubes'. Used in microelectronic circuitry and microscopy, and as a tool to test quantum mechanics and model biological systems, nanotubes seem to have unlimited potential.
39,086 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, Plus Updates, on CD-ROM offers you the same high-quality, reliable data you'll find in the 3-volume print set published by ASM in 1990.
Abstract: Gives you access to the 4,700 atomic and weight percent graphs included in the reference set Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, published by ASM in 1990 - plus updates! All the data from the 3,600-page, three-volume set, abstracts of phase diagram evaluations for 3,000 binary alloy systems, special points and crystal structure tables, along with 300 recent updates from the current literature are included on one CD-ROM for ease of use and storage. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams plus updates on CD-ROM containing all the data from Massalski's world standard, three-volume, 3,600-page Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, fits in the palm of your hand! This CD includes 4,700 diagrams; abstracts of phase diagram evaluations for 3,000 binary alloy systems; special points; crystal structure tables; plus 300 recent updates from current literature. All in databases and in CD-ROM format, so it's easier to access, more flexible to use, and more efficient for you to store than ever before. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, Plus Updates, on CD-ROM, offers you the same high-quality, reliable data you'll find in the 3-volume print set published by ASM in 1990. The over 4,700 diagrams were digitized from original program graphs or redrawn from carefully selected data sources. Each diagram is in accordance to thermodynamic principles and is consistent with melting and phase-transition temperatures of the pure elements. All diagrams met strict quality standards throughout preparation. Now, the CD-ROM format puts this quality information at your fingertips. These are not scanned pages, but true, complete databases of phase diagram and crystallographic information, all in one incredibly small but powerful package, you'll wonder what you ever did without it! This new electronic format allows you to: Search for diagrams, crystal structure data, or text by keying in the alloys. Search the Master Crystal Structure Table for Intermetallic compounds with equivalent structure type, temperature, and phase width criteria. Print diagrams, text, crystal structure. Examine any new data in conjunction with the original data as presented in the print volume. Zoom in on a complicated section of the diagram for a closer look. (Vat payable on UK orders for CD products) Multi-User prices available: Contact Steve French (Customer Services Manager) Telephone: +44 (0)1462 437933; E-Mail: SFrench@ameritech.co.uk
13,433 citations
TL;DR: Recent developments in the search for innovative materials with high hydrogen-storage capacity are presented.
Abstract: Mobility — the transport of people and goods — is a socioeconomic reality that will surely increase in the coming years. It should be safe, economic and reasonably clean. Little energy needs to be expended to overcome potential energy changes, but a great deal is lost through friction (for cars about 10 kWh per 100 km) and low-efficiency energy conversion. Vehicles can be run either by connecting them to a continuous supply of energy or by storing energy on board. Hydrogen would be ideal as a synthetic fuel because it is lightweight, highly abundant and its oxidation product (water) is environmentally benign, but storage remains a problem. Here we present recent developments in the search for innovative materials with high hydrogen-storage capacity.
7,414 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The combination of materials to form a new material system with enhanced material properties is a well documented historical fact as discussed by the authors, which is why many artisans from the Mediterranean and Far East used a form of composite technology in molding art works which were fabricated by layering cut paper in various sizes for producing desired shapes and contours.
Abstract: The combination of materials to form a new material system with enhanced material properties is a well documented historical fact. For example, the ancient Jewish workers during their tenure under the Pharaohs used chopped straws in bricks as a means of enhancing their structural integrity. The Japanese Samurai warriors were known to use laminated metals in the forging of their swords to obtain desirable material properties. Even certain artisans from the Mediterranean and Far East used a form of composite technology in molding art works which were fabricated by layering cut paper in various sizes for producing desired shapes and contours.
3,908 citations
Book•
28 Sep 2004TL;DR: Mechanical Alloying (MA) is a solid-state powder processng technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Mechanical alloying (MA) is a solid-state powder processng technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. Originally developed to produce oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel- and iron-base superalloys for applications in the aerospace industry, MA has now been shown to be capable of synthesizing a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium alloy phases starting from blended elemental or prealloyed powders. The non-equilibrium phases synthesized include supersaturated solid solutions, metastable crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, nanostructures, and amorphous alloys. Recent advances in these areas and also on disordering of ordered intermetallics and mechanochemical synthesis of materials have been critically reviewed after discussing the process and process variables involved in MA. The often vexing problem of powder contamination has been analyzed and methods have been suggested to avoid/minimize it. The present understanding of the modeling of the MA process has also been discussed. The present and potential applications of MA are described. Wherever possible, comparisons have been made on the product phases obtained by MA with those of rapid solidification processing, another non-equilibrium processing technique.
3,773 citations