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Journal Article•DOI•

Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfection in ceramic water filters: A critical review

R. A. Venis1, Onita D. Basu1•
Carleton University1
17 Dec 2021-Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 51, Iss: 24, pp 2934-2974
TL;DR: Ceramic Water Filters (CWF) are widely regarded as one of the most widely used water filter technologies for children with chronic diarrheal illnesses as discussed by the authors. But they are not suitable for outdoor use.
Abstract: Diarrheal illnesses claim the lives of hundreds of thousands of children each year, most of whom live in rural and low-income communities. Ceramic Water Filters (CWF) are widely regarded as one wat...
Citations
More filters
Interfaces In Materials Atomic Structure Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Solid Vapor Solid Liquid And Solid Solid Interfaces

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Petra Kaufmann
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present interfaces in materials atomic structure thermodynamics and kinetics of solid vapor solid liquid and solid solid interfaces, which they call infectious downloads, where people have look hundreds of times for their favorite novels like this interfaces, but end up in infectious downloads instead of reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon.
Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading interfaces in materials atomic structure thermodynamics and kinetics of solid vapor solid liquid and solid solid interfaces. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this interfaces in materials atomic structure thermodynamics and kinetics of solid vapor solid liquid and solid solid interfaces, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.

7 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Photocatalytic disinfection for point-of-use water treatment using Ti3+ self-doping TiO2 nanoparticle decorated ceramic disk filter.

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Ying Liang, Guohe Huang, Yongping Li, Yao Yao, Xiaying Xin, Xiang Li, Jianan Yin, Sichen Gao, Yuwei Wu, Xiujuan Chen, Renfei Feng 
01 Jun 2022-Environmental research
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a novel Ti3+ doping TiO2 nanoparticle decorated ceramic disk filter (Ti3+/TiO2@CDF) for point-of-use (POU) disinfection of drinking water.
Abstract: The challenge from pathogenic infections still threatens the health and life of people in developing areas. An efficient, low-cost, and abundant-resource disinfection method is desired for supplying safe drinking water. This study aims to develop a novel Ti3+ doping TiO2 nanoparticle decorated ceramic disk filter (Ti3+/TiO2@CDF) for point-of-use (POU) disinfection of drinking water. The production of Ti3+/TiO2@CDF was optimized to maximize disinfection efficiency and flow rate. Under optimal conditions, the log reduction value (LRV) could reach up to 7.18 and the flaw rate was 108 mL/h. The influences of environmental factors were also investigated. Natural or slightly alkaline conditions, low turbidity, and low concentration of humic acid were favorable for the disinfection of Ti3+/TiO2@CDF, while co-existing HCO3− ions and diatomic cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, the practicability and stability of Ti3+/TiO2@CDF was demonstrated. Ti3+/TiO2@CDF showed high disinfection efficiency for E. coli and S. aureus under a range of concentrations. Long-term experiment indicated that Ti3+/TiO2@CDF was stable. The underlying disinfection mechanisms were investigated and concluded as the combination of retention, adsorption, and photocatalytic disinfection. The developed Ti3+/TiO2@CDF can provide an effective and reliable disinfection tool for POU water treatment in remote area.

4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticle disinfection in water treatment applications: synergy and water quality influences

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Robbie A. Venis1, Onita D. Basu1•
Carleton University1
01 Jan 2021

4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
A review of the impact of testing conditions on the performance and quality control of locally manufactured, point-of-use ceramic water filters

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Zachary Shepard, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
01 Jan 2022-Environmental science
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the most recent literature on parameters affecting the performance of ceramic water filters is presented, and proposed standardization testing as quality control tools are compared. But this review is limited to the case of water filters.
Abstract: This review critically analyzes the most recent literature on parameters affecting the performance of ceramic water filters and compares proposed standardization testing as quality control tools.

3 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Ceramic Water Filter as a Household Water Treatment System

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01 Jan 2022-Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals

1 citations

References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles

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Jose Ruben Morones1, Jose Luis Elechiguerra1, A. Camacho1, Katherine B. Holt1, Juan B. Kouri2, Jose Tapia Ramirez2, Miguel Jose Yacaman1 •
University of Texas at Austin1, Instituto Politécnico Nacional2
01 Oct 2005-Nanotechnology
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. The study of bactericidal nanomaterials is particularly timely considering the recent increase of new resistant strains of bacteria to the most potent antibiotics. This has promoted research in the well known activity of silver ions and silver-based compounds, including silver nanoparticles. The present work studies the effect of silver nanoparticles in the range of 1-100 nm on Gram-negative bacteria using high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Our results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.

5,609 citations

"Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...After bonding has occurred and Agþ and/or Ag-NP accumulation develops along the cell wall, bacteriostatic and bactericidal processes ensue (Feng et al., 2000; Morones et al., 2005)....

    [...]

  • ...…characteristics have also been shown to impact disinfection efficacy; specifically, their size and shape are demonstrably important (Duran, 2016; Morones et al., 2005), because of the vastly increased specific surface area (i.e. surface area to mass/volume ratio) of particles sized on the…...

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  • ...Other researchers, however, have reported negatively charged Ag-NPs attachment to the cell walls, suggesting electrostatic attraction is not necessarily the governing mechanism (Morones et al., 2005; Sondi & Salopek-Sondi, 2004; Yakub & Soboyejo, 2012)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria

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Ivan Sondi, Branka Salopek-Sondi
01 Jul 2004-Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
TL;DR: These nontoxic nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective manner, may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal materials.

5,309 citations

"Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Other researchers, however, have reported negatively charged Ag-NPs attachment to the cell walls, suggesting electrostatic attraction is not necessarily the governing mechanism (Morones et al., 2005; Sondi & Salopek-Sondi, 2004; Yakub & Soboyejo, 2012)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials.

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Mahendra Rai1, Alka Yadav1, Aniket Gade1•
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University1
01 Jan 2009-Biotechnology Advances
TL;DR: Silver nanoparticles have emerged up with diverse medical applications ranging from silver based dressings, silver coated medicinal devices, such as nanogels, nanolotions, etc, due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize.

5,014 citations

"Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, previous research (see Section 3.2.1.1) clearly indicates that silver disinfection is a somewhat slow process that requires time upwards of hours to inhibit DNA replication or exhibit toxicity effects (Pal et al., 2007; Rai et al., 2009; Yoon et al., 2007)....

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  • ...…their size and shape are demonstrably important (Duran, 2016; Morones et al., 2005), because of the vastly increased specific surface area (i.e. surface area to mass/volume ratio) of particles sized on the nanometer scale, relative to those of larger size (Lok et al., 2007; Rai et al., 2009)....

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Journal Article•
WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality.

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H G Gorchev, G Ozolins
01 Jan 1984-Who Chronicle
TL;DR: In soil, fertilizers containing inorganic nitrogen and wastes containing organic nitrogen are first decomposed to give ammonia, which is then oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, which are taken up by plants and used in the synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds.
Abstract: In soil, fertilizers containing inorganic nitrogen and wastes containing organic nitrogen are first decomposed to give ammonia, which is then oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. The nitrate is taken up by plants during their growth and used in the synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds. Surplus nitrate readily moves with groundwater (2, 3). Under aerobic conditions, it percolates in large quantities into the aquifer because of the small extent to which degradation or denitrification occurs. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate may be denitrified or degraded almost completely to nitrogen. The presence of high or low water tables, the amount of rainwater, the presence of other organic material, and other physicochemical properties are also important in determining the fate of nitrate in soil ( 4). In surface water, nitrification and denitrification may also occur, depending on the temperature and pH. The uptake of nitrate by plants, however, is responsible for most of the nitrate reduction in surface water. Nitrogen compounds are formed in the air by lightning or discharged into it from industrial processes, motor vehicles, and intensive agriculture. Nitrate is present in air primarily as nitric acid and inorganic aerosols, as well as nitrate radicals and organic gases or aerosols. These are removed by wet and dry deposition.

4,627 citations

"Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...accumulation greater than 10 g (WHO, 2011), which can lead to negative health outcomes such as Argyria or even DNA damage (Fewtrell et al....

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Journal Article•DOI•
A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

[...]

Qing Ling Feng1, J. Wu1, Guo-Qiang Chen1, Fuzhai Cui1, T. N. Kim, J. O. Kim •
Tsinghua University1
15 Dec 2000-Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
TL;DR: The existence of elements of silver and sulfur in the electron-dense granules and cytoplasm detected by X-ray microanalysis suggested the antibacterial mechanism of silver: DNA lost its replication ability and the protein became inactivated after Ag(+) treatment.
Abstract: To investigate the mechanism of inhibition of silver ions on microorganisms, two strains of bacteria, namely Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), were treated with AgNO(3) and studied using combined electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Similar morphological changes occurred in both E. coli and S. aureus cells after Ag(+) treatment. The cytoplasm membrane detached from the cell wall. A remarkable electron-light region appeared in the center of the cells, which contained condensed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. There are many small electron-dense granules either surrounding the cell wall or depositing inside the cells. The existence of elements of silver and sulfur in the electron-dense granules and cytoplasm detected by X-ray microanalysis suggested the antibacterial mechanism of silver: DNA lost its replication ability and the protein became inactivated after Ag(+) treatment. The slighter morphological changes of S. aureus compared with E. coli recommended a defense system of S. aureus against the inhibitory effects of Ag(+) ions.

3,811 citations

"Mechanisms and efficacy of disinfec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Bacteriostasis results from a clustering of DNA in the center of the cell known as the electron light region, which creates stress within the cell and inhibits its replication (Feng et al., 2000)....

    [...]

  • ...After bonding has occurred and Agþ and/or Ag-NP accumulation develops along the cell wall, bacteriostatic and bactericidal processes ensue (Feng et al., 2000; Morones et al., 2005)....

    [...]

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Options for Microbiological Quality Improvement in African Households

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