Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling
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Cites background from "Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling"
...The airways in patients with COPD are remodeled with a thickened epithelium, lamina propria, and adventitia, with ASM hyperplasia and hypertrophy and deposition of collagen that might all contribute to the development of AHR.(27,28) In the ozone model AHR is associated with the presence of increased isometric contractile responsiveness of the airways to acetylcholine,(29) which was due to an increased activation of the p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase....
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...In addition, these ozone-induced processes were reversed by inhibition of mitochondrial ROS with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ, which was accompanied by reversal of ozone-induced lung inflammation and AHR....
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...Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ reduced inflammation and AHR....
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...The airways in patients with COPD are remodeled with a thickened epithelium, lamina propria, and adventitia, with ASM hyperplasia and hypertrophy and deposition of collagen that might all contribute to the development of AHR.27,28 In the ozone model AHR is associated with the presence of increased isometric contractile responsiveness of the airways to acetylcholine,29 which was due to an increased activation of the p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase....
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...The concentration of acetylcholine required to increase RL by 100% from baseline was calculated (PC100), and the concentration of acetylcholine that increased lung resistance by 100% (2logPC100) was taken as a measure of AHR.20,21 BAL samples and cytospin preparations were obtained and analyzed, as previously described.20,21 Keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), IL-6, and GM-CSF levels in BAL fluid were measured with commercial ELISA kits (R&D Systems Europe Ltd, Abingdon, United Kingdom)....
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Cites background from "Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling"
...…airway remodeling quite broadly as any change in composition, distribution, thickness, mass or volume and/or number of structural components observed in the airway wall of patients relative to the airway wall of normal healthy individuals (Bergeron et al. 2009; Bai 2010; Hirota and Martin 2013)....
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...The observation of an inflammatory infiltrate characterized by eosinophilic granulocytes and CD4 Th cells in the airways of (probably Th2-high) asthmatics (Saetta and Turato 2001), sometimes being the result of a longstanding inflammatory process, was suggested as a conditio sine qua non of the definition of airway remodeling in asthma (Hirota and Martin 2013)....
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...Direct injury to the airway epithelium induced by various triggers has long been widely accepted as a very early, may be the initial, step in asthma pathogenesis (AlMuhsen et al. 2011; Hirota and Martin 2013; Holt et al. 2014)....
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...…granulocytes and CD4+ Th cells in the airways of (probably Th2-high) asthmatics (Saetta and Turato 2001), sometimes being the result of a longstanding inflammatory process, was suggested as a conditio sine qua non of the definition of airway remodeling in asthma (Hirota and Martin 2013)....
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References
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