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Mechanisms of Angiogenesis Process after Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation: Role of Intra-islet Endothelial Cells

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TLDR
Using pancreatic islets as a model for vascularized tissue, a general overview of EC behaviour dynamics in sprouting angiogenesis is presented, particularly focusing on the interplay between VEGF and Notch pathways.
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting is a complex, multi-step process involving highly integrated cell behaviours, initial interaction with the environment and signalling pathways. Endothelial cells (ECs) are central to the angiogenic process, with recent insights establishing how these cells communicate with each other and with their microenvironment to form branched vascular networks. Using pancreatic islets as a model for vascularized tissue, this review will present a general overview of EC behaviour dynamics in sprouting angiogenesis, particularly focusing on the interplay between VEGF and Notch pathways. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms associated with intra-islet EC cross-talk and its micro-environment may present exciting new perspectives on islet graft to host revascularization and in supporting islet graft survival.

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Development of the human pancreas and its vasculature — An integrated review covering anatomical, embryological, histological, and molecular aspects

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant anatomical and histological aspects of the development of the human pancreas, with emphasis on the vascularization of the gland was provided in this article.
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Endothelial cell regulation through epigenetic mechanisms: Depicting parallels and its clinical application within an intra-islet microenvironment.

TL;DR: This review will present an overview of the reports involving endothelial epigenetic mechanisms particularly focusing on histone modifications which have been identified to play a critical role in governing EC functions by modifying the chromatin structure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The biology of VEGF and its receptors.

TL;DR: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions and is implicated in pathologicalAngiogenesis associated with tumors, intraocular neovascular disorders and other conditions.
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Mechanisms of angiogenesis

TL;DR: Understanding of the molecular basis underlying angiogenesis, particularly from the study of mice lacking some of the signalling systems involved, has greatly improved, and may suggest new approaches for treating conditions such as cancer that depend onAngiogenesis.
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Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid.

TL;DR: Tumor ascites fluids from guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice contain activity that rapidly increases microvascular permeability, and this activity is secreted by these tumor cells and a variety of other tumor cell lines in vitro.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress.

TL;DR: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen in vitro and an angiogenic inducer in a variety of in vivo models and is implicated in intraocular neovascularization associated with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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VEGF receptor signalling - in control of vascular function.

TL;DR: Recent insights have shed light onto VEGFR signal transduction and the interplay between different V EGFRs and VEGF co-receptors in development, adult physiology and disease.
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