Melanins and melanogenesis: methods, standards, protocols
Citations
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Cites background or methods from "Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..."
...…melanogenesis by an international group of experts, melanins are ubiquitous pigments of diverse structure and origin derived by the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine, or related compounds, in animals or phenolic compounds in lower organisms (d’Ischia et al., 2013; Wakamatsu and Ito, 2002)....
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...…EPR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry and advanced quantum chemical calculations were used, seem to support a stacked-aggregate model of the eumelanin structure (d’Ischia et al., 2013; Meredith and Sarna, 2006; Zajac et al., 1994)....
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...The least studied melanins, the pyomelanins, are dark pigments produced mainly by microorganisms from homogentisate (d’Ischia et al., 2013)....
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...In some cases, also hydrogen peroxide has been used, but an excess of peroxide could degrade the forming melanin (d’Ischia et al., 2013)....
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...Results of numerous studies, carried out on synthetic and natural eumelanins, in which atomic force microscopy, EPR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry and advanced quantum chemical calculations were used, seem to support a stacked-aggregate model of the eumelanin structure (d’Ischia et al., 2013; Meredith and Sarna, 2006; Zajac et al., 1994)....
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391 citations
373 citations
Cites background from "Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..."
...There are detailed and updated reviews about HPLC quantitation, structure of those fragments, and their utility as markers for qualitative and quantitative melanin determination [10, 27, 28]....
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...Regarding this concept, other bacterial species have no polyphenol oxidase but are able to form a yellowish pigment that is also named pyomelanin [8, 10, 124]....
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328 citations
References
8,669 citations
"Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..." refers methods in this paper
...Oxidation of dopamine, originally investigated as a model approach to neuromelanin, has recently become popular as a method for preparing a dark eumelanin-like material known as polydopamine, with extraordinary adhesion and coating properties (Lee et al., 2007)....
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860 citations
"Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..." refers background in this paper
...Because eumelanin is a good chelator of multivalent transition metal ions (Meredith and Sarna, 2006) and metal ions bound to eumelanin can modulate the intensity of the observable EPR signal of melanin radicals (Sarna et al., 1976), quantitative determination of eumelanin by EPR spectroscopy may…...
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617 citations
506 citations
"Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..." refers background in this paper
...…characterization A detailed understanding of the optical, electrical, and microstructural properties of melanin not only provides another tool to define and identify melanins, but also opens the intriguing possibility of melanin bioelectronics (Bothma et al., 2008; d’Ischia et al., 2009)....
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466 citations
"Melanins and melanogenesis: methods..." refers background in this paper
...Commonly used protocols for the preparation of polydopamine or dopamine melanin are based on prolonged aerial oxidation of the catecholamine (10 mM) in Tris or other buffers at pH 8.5 leading to black insoluble materials (Della Vecchia et al., 2013)....
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...It has been shown to consist of both cyclized (DHI) and uncyclized units in variable proportions depending on the mode of preparation (Della Vecchia et al., 2013) and is therefore different from pure DHImelanin in that it contains non-cyclized catecholamine units....
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