Journal ArticleDOI
Melatonin concentration in the cerebral vascular sinuses of sheep and evidence for its episodic release.
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TLDR
In several animals episodic release of melatonin was apparent, and the episodes were most obvious in the cerebral venous blood at night, but were also apparent in 1 case in the jugular vein plasma and in 1 animal during the day.Abstract:
Blood was collected from the cerebral sinuses and from the jugular vein of 5 ewes during both the day and night. Cerebral sinus samples were collected by means of a permanently indwelling cannula (roughly every 5 min) while jugular vein samples were collected by venipuncture (roughly every 10 min). In each of the 5 animals mean nighttime melatonin concentrations were greater at night than during the day. In 2 animals, cerebral sinus plasma melatonin concentrations were greater than in the jugular vein; in 2 animals the sinus and jugular plasma had similar melatonin levels; in 1 ewe jugular vein blood melatonin levels exceeded those in the cerebral sinus plasma. These differences among animals are presumably due to slight positional differences in the cerebral venous cannula placement. In several animals episodic release of melatonin was apparent. Whereas the episodes were most obvious in the cerebral venous blood at night, they were also apparent in 1 case in the jugular vein plasma and in 1 animal during the day. When episodes appeared they occurred about every 15-20 min.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pineal Melatonin: Cell Biology of Its Synthesis and of Its Physiological Interactions*
TL;DR: The pineal gland can be rapidly removed from rodents with minimal damage to adjacent neural structures using a specially designed trephine, and since the mid 1960s, research on the gland has become a very active area of investigation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondria: Central Organelles for Melatonin's Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Actions.
TL;DR: Melatonin is optimally positioned to scavenge the radicals and reduce the degree of oxidative damage, and in light of the “free radical theory of aging”, high melatonin levels in mitochondria would be expected to protect against age-related organismal decline.
BookDOI
Role of Melatonin and Pineal Peptides in Neuroimmunomodulation
TL;DR: The contributions have been grouped into the following categories: functional morphology, biochemistry and pharmacology of pineal indoleamine synthesis, cell biology ofmelatonin interactions with its receptor, physiologic actions of melatonin with systems unrelated to neuroimmunology, functional re.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluctuation of blood melatonin concentrations with age: result of changes in pineal melatonin secretion, body growth, and aging
TL;DR: The melatonin radioimmunoassay used is a reliable assay method for melatonin in the plasma and pineal of the rat and correlated closely with those quantified by GC‐MS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroendocrine effects of light.
TL;DR: Melatonin is a ubiquitously acting pineal hormone with its effects on the neuroendocrine system having been most thoroughly investigated; in nonhuman photoperiodic mammals melatonin regulates seasonal reproduction; in humans also, the indole has been implicated in the control of reproductive physiology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Pineal and Its Hormones in the Control of Reproduction in Mammals
TL;DR: By the usual criteria in endocrinology, the pineal now fulfills all the qualifications of an organ of internal secretion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melatonin: A Coordinating Signal for Mammalian Reproduction?
TL;DR: In seasonally breeding mammals that use changes in the photoperiod to time their reproductive cycles, temporal signals to the reproductive system are controlled by the daily rhythm in melatonin production.
Book ChapterDOI
Neuroendocrine basis of seasonal reproduction.
Fred J. Karsch,Eric L. Bittman,Douglas L. Foster,Robert L. Goodman,Sandra J. Legan,Jane E. Robinson +5 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the strategy of seasonal breeding, the role of photoperiod in timing the annual reproductive cycle, the hypothalamo-pituitary mechanisms that mediatePhotoperiodic regulation of estrous cyclicity, and the photoperperiodic pathway to luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse generator.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pineal Melatonin Secretion Drives the Reproductive Response to Daylength in the Ewe
TL;DR: It is concluded that the pineal mediates the reproductive response of the ewe to inductive photoperiods through its daily rhythm of melatonin secretion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melatonin. A Mammalian Pineal Hormone
TL;DR: Today the pineal gland is recognized as an active functioning neuroendocrine organ that responds primarily to photic stimuli, exhibits circadian rhythms, and influences the metabolic activity of a host of endocrine glands.
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