scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Mental Health of Teachers Who Have Teleworked Due to COVID-19

TL;DR: Evidence is provided suggesting the need for actions to improve the working conditions of teachers who telework in order to improve their mental health, and thus have a positive impact on the entire educational community.
Abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education included school closures and the implementation of virtual teaching and teleworking without the knowledge or resources needed to do so. This situation accentuated the inequality in accessing quality education and generated high rates of stress, anxiety, and general discomfort in teachers. This study aimed to explore the mental health of teachers who were forced to telework because of COVID-19, and to analyze the association with sociodemographic, teacher-related, and working conditions. The sample was 278 classroom teachers in Chile who teleworked more than 50% during the 2020 academic year. The participants were mostly women (82%) who entered the teaching profession at age 30 or younger (87%) and worked two or more unpaid overtime hours per day (67%). The dependent variable was mental health measured through the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The independent variables were sociodemographic, teacher-related, and work conditions. The internal structure of the mental health construct was evaluated using the Rasch model. Crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. A high rate of poor mental health was identified in teachers (58%). The variables associated with poor mental health were working in a private–subsidized school (aOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.16–7.22), working two or more unpaid overtime hours (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11–4.59), and being absent due to sickness (aOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.53–9.58). These results provide evidence suggesting the need for actions to improve the working conditions of teachers who telework in order to improve their mental health, and thus have a positive impact on the entire educational community.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak and identify the associated factors of these psychological wellbeing domains of the teachers.
Abstract: As millions of teachers have been forced to rely upon remote teaching due to the closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is particularly important to understand the extent to which teacher's psychological wellbeing has been affected by this global health crisis.The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was twofold: 1) ascertain the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak; 2) identify the associated factors of these psychological wellbeing domains of the teachers.Academic Search Premier, Eric, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from December 2019 and July 2021, using search terms including "COVID-19" "anxiety" "depression" "stress", and "teachers".This study included 54 studies synthesising data from 256,896 teachers across 22 countries. The meta-analysis showed higher prevalence of stress (62.6%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 46.1-76.6), compared to anxiety (36.3%, 95% CI: 28.5-44.9) and depression (59.9%, 95% CI: 43.4-74.4) among teachers. Teachers' experiences of these psychological issues were associated with various socio-demographic and institutional factors, including gender, nature of online teaching, job satisfaction, teaching experience, and the volume of workload. Additionally, several protective factors, such as regular exercises and provision of technical support for online teaching, reduced teachers' negative psychological experiences.There is a need for authorities to formulate educational policies to improve teachers' wellbeing at the time of global crisis. Special attention should be paid to assist female teachers in overcoming physical and mental stressors.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak and identify the associated factors of these psychological wellbeing domains of the teachers.
Abstract: BACKGROUND As millions of teachers have been forced to rely upon remote teaching due to the closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is particularly important to understand the extent to which teacher's psychological wellbeing has been affected by this global health crisis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was twofold: 1) ascertain the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak; 2) identify the associated factors of these psychological wellbeing domains of the teachers. METHODS Academic Search Premier, Eric, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from December 2019 and July 2021, using search terms including "COVID-19" "anxiety" "depression" "stress", and "teachers". RESULTS This study included 54 studies synthesising data from 256,896 teachers across 22 countries. The meta-analysis showed higher prevalence of stress (62.6%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 46.1-76.6), compared to anxiety (36.3%, 95% CI: 28.5-44.9) and depression (59.9%, 95% CI: 43.4-74.4) among teachers. Teachers' experiences of these psychological issues were associated with various socio-demographic and institutional factors, including gender, nature of online teaching, job satisfaction, teaching experience, and the volume of workload. Additionally, several protective factors, such as regular exercises and provision of technical support for online teaching, reduced teachers' negative psychological experiences. CONCLUSION There is a need for authorities to formulate educational policies to improve teachers' wellbeing at the time of global crisis. Special attention should be paid to assist female teachers in overcoming physical and mental stressors.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared mean-mean linking, log-mean-means linking, invariance alignment, Haberman linking, asymmetric and symmetric Haebara linking, different recalibration linking methods, anchored item parameters, and concurrent calibration.
Abstract: This article investigates the comparison of two groups based on the two-parameter logistic item response model. It is assumed that there is random differential item functioning in item difficulties and item discriminations. The group difference is estimated using separate calibration with subsequent linking, as well as concurrent calibration. The following linking methods are compared: mean-mean linking, log-mean-mean linking, invariance alignment, Haberman linking, asymmetric and symmetric Haebara linking, different recalibration linking methods, anchored item parameters, and concurrent calibration. It is analytically shown that log-mean-mean linking and mean-mean linking provide consistent estimates if random DIF effects have zero means. The performance of the linking methods was evaluated through a simulation study. It turned out that (log-)mean-mean and Haberman linking performed best, followed by symmetric Haebara linking and a newly proposed recalibration linking method. Interestingly, linking methods frequently found in applications (i.e., asymmetric Haebara linking, recalibration linking used in a variant in current large-scale assessment studies, anchored item parameters, concurrent calibration) perform worse in the presence of random differential item functioning. In line with the previous literature, differences between linking methods turned out be negligible in the absence of random differential item functioning. The different linking methods were also applied in an empirical example that performed a linking of PISA 2006 to PISA 2009 for Austrian students. This application showed that estimated trends in the means and standard deviations depended on the chosen linking method and the employed item response model.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review aims to describe the COVID-19 pandemic's consequences on work organization by analyzing whether and how the shift towards remote or home-working impacted employees' productivity, performance, and well-being.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic forced organizations across all sectors and sizes to undertake crucial changes in order to remain productive during the emergency. Among these, the shift towards remote working arrangements is still present in our workplaces, impacting employees’ well-being and productivity. This systematic review aims to describe the pandemic’s consequences on work organization by analyzing whether and how the shift towards remote or home-working impacted employees’ productivity, performance, and well-being. Furthermore, it describes the role of individual and organizational factors in determining employees’ adjustment to remote work. Sixty-seven peer-reviewed papers published from 2020 to 2022, written in English, were selected through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Findings describe how remote working arrangements, the workplace and organizational factors, and the employees’ individual traits and skills impacted employees’ productivity and well-being. Furthermore, they provide a description of the organizational enforcement actions reported in the literature. Managerial and practical implications, such as enforcement actions, team management strategies, and initiatives to promote employees’ physical and mental health, will be discussed in the paper.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings showed that place of residence, institution, self-reported health, usage of social and electronic media, and fear of COVID-19 significantly influenced the mental health status of teachers.
Abstract: Background Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Bangladesh implemented strict non-therapeutic measures, i.e., “social distancing,” “lockdown,” “work from home,” in the first quarter of 2020. Like other professionals, teachers at schools, colleges and universities were confined within households. However, the introduction of online education imposed an additional burden on teachers along with growing household responsibilities, thus, affecting their psychological state. Aims This study was aimed to explore the prevalence of mental health problems among teachers in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 381 teachers working at schools, colleges, and universities between 01 August and 29 August 2021 by administering a self-reported e-questionnaire using Google Form, where the mental health of teachers was assessed by depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26) and STATA Version 16, and multiple linear regression was executed to predict mental health problems among teachers. Results The findings indicate that the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers was 35.4%, 43.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence was higher among male and older teachers than among their female and younger colleagues. The findings further showed that place of residence, institution, self-reported health, usage of social and electronic media, and fear of COVID-19 significantly influenced the mental health status of teachers. Conclusion It is strongly recommended that the government and policymakers provide proper mental health services to teachers in order to reduce mental health problems and thus sustain the quality of education during and after the pandemic.

7 citations

References
More filters
Book
01 Mar 1981

7,518 citations


"Mental Health of Teachers Who Have ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The results of the Rasch IRT model showed an adequate fit of the data, which allowed an interpretation of mental health through the proposed single score measure (INFIT between 0.88 and 1.20) (Figure 1)....

    [...]

  • ...For that purpose, we fitted a Rasch model based on item response theory (IRT) [29], then we contrasted this model with the expected distribution of the participants’ responses using a person-item map [30]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a global test statistic for multivariate data with missing values, that is, whether the missing data are missing completely at random (MCAR), that is whether missingness depends on the variables in the data set.
Abstract: A common concern when faced with multivariate data with missing values is whether the missing data are missing completely at random (MCAR); that is, whether missingness depends on the variables in the data set. One way of assessing this is to compare the means of recorded values of each variable between groups defined by whether other variables in the data set are missing or not. Although informative, this procedure yields potentially many correlated statistics for testing MCAR, resulting in multiple-comparison problems. This article proposes a single global test statistic for MCAR that uses all of the available data. The asymptotic null distribution is given, and the small-sample null distribution is derived for multivariate normal data with a monotone pattern of missing data. The test reduces to a standard t test when the data are bivariate with missing data confined to a single variable. A limited simulation study of empirical sizes for the test applied to normal and nonnormal data suggests th...

6,045 citations


"Mental Health of Teachers Who Have ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...6%) by applying Little’s MCAR test [33], and th result showed that they w re not (p < 0....

    [...]

  • ...6%) by applying Little's MCAR test [33], and the result showed that they were not (p < 0....

    [...]

Book
13 Dec 2004
TL;DR: Constructing Measures introduces a way to understand the advantages and disadvantages of measurement instruments, how to use such instruments, and how to apply these methods to develop new instruments or adapt old ones.
Abstract: Constructing Measures introduces a way to understand the advantages and disadvantages of measurement instruments, how to use such instruments, and how to apply these methods to develop new instruments or adapt old ones The book is organized around the steps taken while constructing an instrument It opens with a summary of the constructive steps involved Each step is then expanded on in the next four chapters These chapters develop the "building blocks" that make up an instrument--the construct map, the design plan for the items, the outcome space, and the statistical measurement model The next three chapters focus on quality control They rely heavily on the calibrated construct map and review how to check if scores are operating consistently and how to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence The book introduces a variety of item formats, including multiple-choice, open-ended, and performance items; projects; portfolios; Likert and Guttman items; behavioral observations; and interview protocolsEach chapter includes an overview of the key concepts, related resources for further investigation and exercises and activities Some chapters feature appendices that describe parts of the instrument development process in more detail, numerical manipulations used in the text, and/or data results A variety of examples from the behavioral and social sciences and education including achievement and performance testing; attitude measures; health measures, and general sociological scales, demonstrate the application of the material An accompanying downloadable resources feature control files, output, and a data set to allow readers to compute the text's exercises and create new analyses and case archives based on the book's examples so the reader can work through the entire development of an instrumentConstructing Measures is an ideal text or supplement in courses on item, test, or instrument development, measurement, item response theory, or rasch analysis taught in a variety of departments including education and psychology The book also appeals to those who develop instruments, including industrial/organizational, educational, and school psychologists, health outcomes researchers, program evaluators, and sociological measurers Knowledge of basic descriptive statistics and elementary regression is recommended

1,093 citations


"Mental Health of Teachers Who Have ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...For that purpose, we fitted a Rasch model based on item response theory (IRT) [29], then we contrasted this model with the expected distribution of the participants’ responses using a person-item map [30]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on teacher career trajectories, consisting of 34 studies of 63 attrition moderators, seeking to understand why teaching attrition occurs, or what factors moderate attrition outcomes.
Abstract: This comprehensive meta-analysis on teacher career trajectories, consisting of 34 studies of 63 attrition moderators, seeks to understand why teaching attrition occurs, or what factors moderate attrition outcomes. Personal characteristics of teachers are important predictors of turnover. Attributes of teachers’ schools, including organizational characteristics, student body composition, and resources (instructional spending and teacher salaries), are also key moderators. The evidence suggests that attrition from teaching is (a) not necessarily “healthy” turnover, (b) influenced by various personal and professional factors that change across teachers’ career paths, (c) more strongly moderated by characteristics of teachers’ work conditions than previously noted in the literature, and (d) a problem that can be addressed through policies and initiatives. Though researchers have utilized a number of national and state databases and have applied economic labor theory to questions related to teacher attrition, ...

1,024 citations


"Mental Health of Teachers Who Have ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...For these reasons, we believe that it is essential to know the status of teachers’ mental health, paying special attention to experience and gender, the former because less experience is a factor that seems to have an impact on higher turnover [8], and the latter because women may have an additional workload in terms of domestic or children care tasks according to stereotyped gender roles [19] that could be magnified during a pandemic....

    [...]

  • ...Teachers in Chile are a group of workers who have high turnover and dropout rates, as in some parts of the world [8], even reaching 20% in the first year [9]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual framework and some basic principles to promote a classification system for the most usual research designs in psychology based on three strategies (manipulative, as- sociative and descriptive) from which emerge different types of studies, three for manipulative strategy (experimental, quasi-experimental and sin- gle-case), three for associative strategy (comparative, predictive and expla- natory) and two for descriptive strategy (observational and selective).
Abstract: Title: A classification system for research designs in psychology. Abstract: In this work we devise a conceptual framework and develop some basic principles to promove a classification system for the most usual research designs in psychology based on three strategies (manipulative, as- sociative and descriptive) from which emerge different types of studies, three for manipulative strategy (experimental, quasi-experimental and sin- gle-case), three for associative strategy (comparative, predictive and expla- natory) and two for descriptive strategy (observational and selective).

929 citations