Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

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Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

01 Jan 2002-

About: The article was published on 2002-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 16 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mercury (element).

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Journal Article•DOI•

The role of thiols, dithiols, nutritional factors and interacting ligands in the toxicology of mercury.

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James Rooney¹•Institutions (1)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland¹

20 May 2007-Toxicology

TL;DR: The issue of diagnostic testing for chronic, historical or low dose mercury poisoning is considered including an analysis of the influence of ligand interactions and nutritional factors upon the accuracy of "chelation challenge" tests.

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329 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Overview of the clinical toxicity of mercury.

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Laszlo Magos, Thomas W. Clarkson¹•Institutions (1)

University of Rochester¹

01 Jul 2006-Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to survey differences in human exposure and in the toxicology of different forms of mercury to study subclinical effects in population studies.

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Abstract: Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment and therefore every human being, irrespective of age and location, is exposed to one form of mercury or another. The major source of environmental mercury is natural degassing of the earth's crust, but industrial activities can raise exposure to toxic levels directly or through the use or misuse of the liquid metals or synthesized mercurial compounds. The aim of this review is to survey differences in human exposure and in the toxicology of different forms of mercury. It covers not only symptoms and signs observed in poisoned individuals by a clinician but also subclinical effects in population studies, the final evaluation of which is the domain of statisticians.

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221 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Is dental amalgam safe for humans? The opinion of the scientific committee of the European Commission

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Joachim Mutter

13 Jan 2011-Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

TL;DR: It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..."

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Abstract: It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR)) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..." [1, available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_016.pdf].

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109 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Amalgam studies: disregarding basic principles of mercury toxicity.

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Joachim Mutter, Johannes Naumann, Catharina Sadaghiani, Harald Walach, Gustav Drasch¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich¹

01 Jan 2004-International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

TL;DR: A number of studies are methodically flawed drawing inaccurate conclusions as to the safety of dental amalgam, considering the newest findings on mercury toxicity and metabolism.

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101 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The potential adverse health effects of dental amalgam.

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Amy M. Brownawell, Stanley Berent¹, Robert L. Brent², James V. Bruckner³, John Doull⁴, Eric Gershwin⁵, Ronald D. Hood⁶, Genevieve M. Matanoski⁷, Raphael Rubin², Bernard Weiss⁸, Meryl H. Karol⁹ - Show less +7 more•Institutions (9)

University of Michigan¹, Thomas Jefferson University², University of Georgia³, University of Kansas⁴, University of California, Davis⁵, University of Alabama⁶, Johns Hopkins University⁷, University of Rochester⁸, University of Pittsburgh⁹

01 Jan 2005-Toxicological Reviews

TL;DR: This review has uncovered no convincing evidence pointing to any adverse health effects that are attributable to dental amalgam restorations besides hypersensitivity in some individuals.

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Abstract: There is significant public concern about the potential health effects of exposure to mercury vapour (Hg0) released from dental amalgam restorations. The purpose of this article is to provide information about the toxicokinetics of Hg0, evaluate the findings from the recent scientific and medical literature, and identify research gaps that when filled may definitively support or refute the hypothesis that dental amalgam causes adverse health effects. Dental amalgam is a widely used restorative dental material that was introduced over 150 years ago. Most standard dental amalgam formulations contain approximately 50% elemental mercury. Experimental evidence consistently demonstrates that Hg0 is released from dental amalgam restorations and is absorbed by the human body. Numerous studies report positive correlations between the number of dental amalgam restorations or surfaces and urine mercury concentrations in non-occupationally exposed individuals. Although of public concern, it is currently unclear what adverse health effects are caused by the levels of Hg0 released from this restoration material. Historically, studies of occupationally exposed individuals have provided consistent information about the relationship between exposure to Hg0 and adverse effects reflecting both nervous system and renal dysfunction. Workers are usually exposed to substantially higher Hg0 levels than individuals with dental amalgam restorations and are typically exposed 8 hours per day for 20–30 years, whereas persons with dental amalgam restorations are exposed 24 hours per day over some portion of a lifetime. This review has uncovered no convincing evidence pointing to any adverse health effects that are attributable to dental amalgam restorations besides hypersensitivity in some individuals.

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100 citations

Cites background from "Mercury in dental-filling materials..."

...In cause the kidneys are the primary site of Hg2+ accumulation, 2002, a literature review of the health effects of dental amalgam chronic exposures to Hg0 >0.050mg Hg/m3 can result in adverse undertaken for the Dental Material Commission of Sweden[9] effects on renal function....
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...Although other literature reviews of dental serve as sentinels, as they are usually exposed to substantially amalgam have placed emphasis on animal and in vitro studies,[9] higher Hg0 levels than persons with dental amalgam restorations....
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...050mg Hg/m3 can result in adverse undertaken for the Dental Material Commission of Sweden[9] effects on renal function....
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...In addition, the governments of gingivitis, stomatitis, hearing loss, and emotional instability and Sweden and Denmark have banned and are currently phasing out irritability may begin to be observed at air concentrations all mercury-containing materials, including dental amalgam, be- >0.050mg Hg/m3 (urine mercury ≥60µg Hg/g creatinine)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in motor neurons containing mercury

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Roger Pamphlett¹, Michael Slater¹, Siân Thomas²•Institutions (2)

University of Sydney¹, Wellcome Trust²

14 Aug 1998-Journal of the Neurological Sciences

TL;DR: The hypothesis that an environmental toxin such as mercury can enter and damage motor neurons is supported, as Mercury within the motor neuron perikaryon leads to increased avidin binding, an indicator of oxidative damage to DNA.

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29 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...5 mg/m(3) for two hours, showed an elevated mercury concentration in motor neurons in the spine and signs of oxidative damage to DNA (Pamphlett et al. 1998)....
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...Mice exposed to mercury vapour, at 0.5 mg/m3 for two hours, showed an elevated mercury concentration in motor neurons in the spine and signs of oxidative damage to DNA (Pamphlett et al. 1998)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Low levels of ionic mercury modulate protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lymphocytes.

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A.j. Rosenspire¹, S. Bodepudi¹, M. Mathews¹, M.J.McCabe¹•Institutions (1)

Wayne State University¹

16 Dec 1998-International Journal of Immunopharmacology

TL;DR: The results suggest that exposure to low levels of mercury could potentially interfere with lymphocyte signal transduction and so offer a possible explanation as to how mercury exposure could lead to immune cellular dysfunction.

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29 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Rosenspire et al. (1998) found that 0.13 µM HgCl2 boosted phosphorylation of tyrosine in proteins from B-cell lymphoma cells from mouse....
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Journal Article•

Inhibition of brain tubulin-guanosine 5'-triphosphate interactions by mercury: similarity to observations in Alzheimer's diseased brain.

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J. C. Pendergrass¹, Boyd E. Haley•Institutions (1)

University of Kentucky¹

01 Jan 1997-Metal Ions in Biological Systems

29 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Validity of spot urine samples as a surrogate measure of 24-hour porphyrin excretion rates. Evaluation of diurnal variations in porphyrin, mercury, and creatinine concentrations among subjects with very low occupational mercury exposure

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James S. Woods¹, Michael D. Martin¹, Brian G. Leroux¹•Institutions (1)

University of Washington¹

01 Dec 1998-Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

TL;DR: The view that spot urine samples may be utilized to derive reasonably accurate estimates of 24-hour porphyrin and mercury excretion rates in male subjects is supported and time of day may be an important consideration in studies involving serial (repeated) porphirin or mercury measurements using spot urine sample, irrespective of gender distribution of study subjects.

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Abstract: Porphyrin, mercury, and creatinine levels in single-void urine specimens ("spot samples") were compared with calculated 24-hour urine concentrations among 146 (77 male and 69 female) practicing dentists who are participating in an ongoing study of urinary porphyrin changes as a biomarker of mercury body burden. All subjects had urinary mercury concentrations < or = 5 micrograms/L, a level comparable to that of the general US population and which is below that determined to be associated with mercury-induced changes in urinary porphyrin excretion rates. The results confirmed previous findings of no significant diurnal variation in any of the porphyrin levels normally found in urine or in total porphyrin levels combined among males but describe significant diurnal variations in most porphyrin levels as well as concentrations of total porphyrins combined among females. Similarly, no evidence of large diurnal variation in mercury excretion among males was apparent, whereas significant diurnal variation in the mercury excretion rate among females was found. Creatinine adjustment of porphyrin or mercury concentrations had no significant effect on these findings. Moreover, no evidence of diurnal variation in urinary creatinine excretion among either male or female subjects was obtained, despite substantial between-subject variability in this parameter. These results support the view that spot urine samples may be utilized to derive reasonably accurate estimates of 24-hour porphyrin and mercury excretion rates in male subjects. In contrast, time of day appears to be of considerably greater importance when spot samples are utilized as 24-hour estimates of either porphyrin or mercury excretion rates among females. Additionally, time of day may be an important consideration in studies involving serial (repeated) porphyrin or mercury measurements using spot urine samples, irrespective of gender distribution of study subjects.

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28 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...No demonstrable diurnal variation in men, but significant diurnal variation in women, was found (Woods et al. 1998)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Mercury distribution in the neonatal and adult cerebellum after mercury vapor exposure of pregnant squirrel monkeys.

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Karin Warfvinge¹•Institutions (1)

College of Health Sciences, Bahrain¹

01 Jun 2000-Environmental Research

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the distribution of mercury in the cerebellum after mercury vapor exposure is similar to the distribution pattern obtained after methyl mercury exposure and that mercury is trapped in the Cerebellum over a long period of time.

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28 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Data from animal experiments Exposure to mercury vapour in rat (Warfvinge et al. 1992), mouse (Warfvinge 1995) and monkey (Warfvinge et al. 1994; Warfvinge 2000) causes accumulation of mercury in the brain and spinal cord....
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