Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

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Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

Mercury in dental-filling materials -- an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms

01 Jan 2002-

About: The article was published on 2002-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 16 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mercury (element).

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Journal Article•DOI•

The role of thiols, dithiols, nutritional factors and interacting ligands in the toxicology of mercury.

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James Rooney¹•Institutions (1)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland¹

20 May 2007-Toxicology

TL;DR: The issue of diagnostic testing for chronic, historical or low dose mercury poisoning is considered including an analysis of the influence of ligand interactions and nutritional factors upon the accuracy of "chelation challenge" tests.

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329 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Overview of the clinical toxicity of mercury.

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Laszlo Magos, Thomas W. Clarkson¹•Institutions (1)

University of Rochester¹

01 Jul 2006-Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to survey differences in human exposure and in the toxicology of different forms of mercury to study subclinical effects in population studies.

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Abstract: Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment and therefore every human being, irrespective of age and location, is exposed to one form of mercury or another. The major source of environmental mercury is natural degassing of the earth's crust, but industrial activities can raise exposure to toxic levels directly or through the use or misuse of the liquid metals or synthesized mercurial compounds. The aim of this review is to survey differences in human exposure and in the toxicology of different forms of mercury. It covers not only symptoms and signs observed in poisoned individuals by a clinician but also subclinical effects in population studies, the final evaluation of which is the domain of statisticians.

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221 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Is dental amalgam safe for humans? The opinion of the scientific committee of the European Commission

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Joachim Mutter

13 Jan 2011-Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

TL;DR: It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..."

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Abstract: It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR)) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..." [1, available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_016.pdf].

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109 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Amalgam studies: disregarding basic principles of mercury toxicity.

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Joachim Mutter, Johannes Naumann, Catharina Sadaghiani, Harald Walach, Gustav Drasch¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich¹

01 Jan 2004-International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

TL;DR: A number of studies are methodically flawed drawing inaccurate conclusions as to the safety of dental amalgam, considering the newest findings on mercury toxicity and metabolism.

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101 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The potential adverse health effects of dental amalgam.

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Amy M. Brownawell, Stanley Berent¹, Robert L. Brent², James V. Bruckner³, John Doull⁴, Eric Gershwin⁵, Ronald D. Hood⁶, Genevieve M. Matanoski⁷, Raphael Rubin², Bernard Weiss⁸, Meryl H. Karol⁹ - Show less +7 more•Institutions (9)

University of Michigan¹, Thomas Jefferson University², University of Georgia³, University of Kansas⁴, University of California, Davis⁵, University of Alabama⁶, Johns Hopkins University⁷, University of Rochester⁸, University of Pittsburgh⁹

01 Jan 2005-Toxicological Reviews

TL;DR: This review has uncovered no convincing evidence pointing to any adverse health effects that are attributable to dental amalgam restorations besides hypersensitivity in some individuals.

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Abstract: There is significant public concern about the potential health effects of exposure to mercury vapour (Hg0) released from dental amalgam restorations. The purpose of this article is to provide information about the toxicokinetics of Hg0, evaluate the findings from the recent scientific and medical literature, and identify research gaps that when filled may definitively support or refute the hypothesis that dental amalgam causes adverse health effects. Dental amalgam is a widely used restorative dental material that was introduced over 150 years ago. Most standard dental amalgam formulations contain approximately 50% elemental mercury. Experimental evidence consistently demonstrates that Hg0 is released from dental amalgam restorations and is absorbed by the human body. Numerous studies report positive correlations between the number of dental amalgam restorations or surfaces and urine mercury concentrations in non-occupationally exposed individuals. Although of public concern, it is currently unclear what adverse health effects are caused by the levels of Hg0 released from this restoration material. Historically, studies of occupationally exposed individuals have provided consistent information about the relationship between exposure to Hg0 and adverse effects reflecting both nervous system and renal dysfunction. Workers are usually exposed to substantially higher Hg0 levels than individuals with dental amalgam restorations and are typically exposed 8 hours per day for 20–30 years, whereas persons with dental amalgam restorations are exposed 24 hours per day over some portion of a lifetime. This review has uncovered no convincing evidence pointing to any adverse health effects that are attributable to dental amalgam restorations besides hypersensitivity in some individuals.

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100 citations

Cites background from "Mercury in dental-filling materials..."

...In cause the kidneys are the primary site of Hg2+ accumulation, 2002, a literature review of the health effects of dental amalgam chronic exposures to Hg0 >0.050mg Hg/m3 can result in adverse undertaken for the Dental Material Commission of Sweden[9] effects on renal function....
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...Although other literature reviews of dental serve as sentinels, as they are usually exposed to substantially amalgam have placed emphasis on animal and in vitro studies,[9] higher Hg0 levels than persons with dental amalgam restorations....
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...050mg Hg/m3 can result in adverse undertaken for the Dental Material Commission of Sweden[9] effects on renal function....
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...In addition, the governments of gingivitis, stomatitis, hearing loss, and emotional instability and Sweden and Denmark have banned and are currently phasing out irritability may begin to be observed at air concentrations all mercury-containing materials, including dental amalgam, be- >0.050mg Hg/m3 (urine mercury ≥60µg Hg/g creatinine)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Gender Differences in the Uptake of Inorganic Mercury by Motor Neurons

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Roger Pamphlett¹, Kenneth B.R Ewan¹, Robert McQuilty², Patricia Waley¹•Institutions (2)

University of Sydney¹, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital²

01 Jul 1997-Neurotoxicology and Teratology

TL;DR: Female mice take up more inorganic mercury into their motor neurons than do male mice, which may be related to a smaller deposition of mercury in the female kidney, leaving more circulating mercury available to be taken up by motor axons.

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14 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Males were also found to accumulate more mercury in the kidneys than females (Pamphlett et al. 1997; Pamphlett and Coote 1998)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Uptake and distribution of mercury in rats after repeated administration of mercuric chloride

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Abu T. Khan¹, Alfonza Atkinson¹, Thomas C. Graham¹, Kaniz F. Shireen¹•Institutions (1)

Tuskegee University¹

30 Nov 2001-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering

TL;DR: Both male and female rats accumulated significantly more mercury in the kidneys than the other organs, and exposure of male andFemale rats to 4.0 mg/kg/day of MC showed a significant reduction in body weight gain and food consumption when compared to their controls.

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Abstract: This investigation was under taken to evaluate the effect of repeated exposure of mercuric chloride (MC) on food consumption, body weight gain and tissue distribution of mercury in rats. After two weeks of acclimation, male and female rats (45-50 days old) were orally gavaged with 0.00, 2.0, 4.0 6.0, 8.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day of MC for 14 consecutive days. The mortality and food consumption were recorded daily. The body weight gains were recorded on day 0, 4, 7, 10, and at day of termination. At the end of the experiment, all surviving rats were euthanized and tissue samples from their brains, gonads, hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, pancreases and spleens were collected and analyzed for mercury content. Exposure of male and female rats to 4.0 mg/kg/day of MC showed a significant reduction in body weight gain and food consumption when compared to their controls. However, at 2.0 mg/kg/day dose group showed no change of body gain and food consumption. The mercury contents in brains, gonads, hearts, and spleens of male and female rats at 0.0 and 2.0 mg/kg/day were undetectable. Both male and female rats accumulated significantly more mercury in the kidneys than the other organs. Mercury content in the kidneys of females was 39.9 and 40.9 microg/g at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively and of males was 34.9 and 41.0 microg/g at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. However, mercury content in the kidneys and livers of males and females did not show any significant difference. Mercury content in the kidneys of both of sexes was significantly higher than the other organs.

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12 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Previous studies of rats and mice have shown gender differences in the kidneys uptake of mercury, but in divergent directions (Khan et al. 2001)....
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...Previous studies of rats and mice have shown gender differences in the kidneys uptake of mercury, but in divergent directions (Khan et al. 2001)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The role of G proteins in the activity and mercury modulation of GABA-induced currents in rat neurons.

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Chao Sheng Huang¹, Toshio Narahashi¹•Institutions (1)

Northwestern University¹

01 Nov 1997-Neuropharmacology

TL;DR: The role of G proteins in the functional modulation and potentiation by mercury chloride of the GABA(A) receptor-channel complex in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons was studied by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, suggesting that basal Gi/Go-protein activity positively modulates the GABA

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12 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Huang and Narahashi (1997) used voltage-clamp technology to study the effect of 0.5µM HgCl2 on GABA-induced currents from dorsal root ganglia in rat neurons....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Skeletal muscle abnormalities associated with occupational exposure to mercury vapours.

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Nadorfy-López E¹, Sonia H. Torres, Héctor J. Finol, Méndez M, Bello B - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Central University of Venezuela¹

01 Jul 2000-Histology and Histopathology

TL;DR: The alterations found in muscle may be secondary to nerve damage, to ischemia caused by capillary lesion and/or to a direct effect of mercury on muscle fibre proteins.

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Abstract: There is scarce information on the possible effects of chronic exposure to mercury on skeletal muscle. Dental personnel are frequently exposed to inhalation of metallic mercury vapours. The skeletal muscle of five technicians and one dentist (females, age 36-55) was studied. All of them presented symptoms of chronic mercury poisoning. Needle biopsy was taken from the quadriceps femoris muscle and samples were prepared for light microscope histochemistry and for transmission electron microscopy. Selective atrophy of type IIB muscle fibres was found in patients, and in one of them there was fibre grouping. Most of the muscles showed increased fibre area per capillary. Atrophy was confirmed by the ultrastructural study, demonstrating increase of intermyofibrillar spaces, loss of myofibrils or complete disappearance in some fibres, and sarcolemmal folding. Splitting of the fibres was also found. Some capillaries were altered, showing endothelial infoldings into the lumen, thickened basement membrane and partial or total occlusion. The alterations found in muscle may be secondary to nerve damage, to ischemia caused by capillary lesion andlor to a direct effect of mercury on muscle fibre proteins.

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10 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...There might also be a direct effect on muscle fibres (Nadorfy-Lopez et al. 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A generalized itchy flexural eruption in a 7-year-old boy.

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Marta Alegre, Ramon M. Pujol, A. Alomar

01 Aug 2000-Archives of Dermatology

10 citations

"Mercury in dental-filling materials..." refers background in this paper

...Besides oral lichen which is sometimes combined with facial exanthema the symptoms present have been a range of dermal syndromes, such as systemic contact dermatitis (baboon syndrome) (Alegre et al. 2000; Bartolome et al. 2000)....
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...Besides oral lichen which is sometimes combined with facial exanthema the symptoms present have been a range of dermal syndromes, such as systemic contact dermatitis (baboon syndrome) (Alegre et al. 2000; Bartolome et al. 2000)....
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