Meta-analysis of biosolid effects on persistence of triclosan and triclocarban in soil.
TL;DR: Biosolids consistently increased sorption of triclosan and triclocarban in soil and greatly enhances persistence of these and other biosolid-borne PPCPs, likely due to enhanced sorption or decreased chemical bioavailability.
About: This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 2016-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 41 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Triclocarban & Triclosan.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that combining UV-irradiation with advanced oxidative processes may enhance the removal of ARB and ARGs, while disinfection may promote horizontal gene transfer from environmental ARB to pathogens.
296 citations
TL;DR: Overall, KMnO4 can be used as an effective oxidizing agent for TCS removal in water and wastewater treatment and was confirmed based on frontier electron density calculations and point charges.
150 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the distribution of Pharmaceuticals between soil and pore water, as well as their biodegradation, combined to govern the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals to plant uptake.
121 citations
TL;DR: A tiered framework is proposed as a path forward to prioritize PPCPs that could have a high potential for plant accumulation and thus pose greatest risk and a process-driven scheme is outlined to derive a short list that may be used to refocus future research efforts on PPCP and other analogous emerging contaminants in agro-food systems.
Abstract: Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) and application of biosolids introduce numerous pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into agro-food systems. While the use of TWW and biosolids has many societal benefits, introduction of PPCPs in production agriculture poses potential food safety and human health risks. A comprehensive risk assessment and management scheme of PPCPs in agro-food systems is limited by multiple factors, not least the sheer number of investigated compounds and their diverse structures. Here we follow the fate of PPCPs in the water-soil-produce continuum by considering processes and variables that influence PPCP transfer and accumulation. By analyzing the steps in the soil-plant-human diet nexus, we propose a tiered framework as a path forward to prioritize PPCPs that could have a high potential for plant accumulation and thus pose greatest risk. This article examines research progress to date and current research challenges, highlighting the potential value of leveraging existing knowledge from decades of research on other chemicals such as pesticides. A process-driven scheme is outlined to derive a short list that may be used to refocus our future research efforts on PPCPs and other analogous emerging contaminants in agro-food systems.
101 citations
TL;DR: Measurement using a thin-film passive sampler provided direct evidence showing that the availability of triclosan greatly decreased in biosolids-amended soils, and partial correlation analysis validated that biosolid decreased plant uptake primarily by increasing soil organic carbon content and subsequently sorption.
51 citations
Cites background from "Meta-analysis of biosolid effects o..."
...Chem., 27 (2008), pp. 499-508 Fu et al., 2016 Q. Fu, E. Sanganyado, Q. Ye, J. GanMeta-analysis of biosolid effects on persistence of triclosan and triclocarban in soil Environ....
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...In a previous study, addition of biosolids was found to rapidly increase sorption of triclosan (Fu et al., 2016)....
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...The Kd values for the different soils were taken from a recent soil-incubation study (Fu et al., 2016)....
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...In a recent study, sorption (Kd) was found to increase T1/2 of both triclosan and triclocarban, and the effect was more pronounced for triclosan (Fu et al., 2016)....
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References
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6,011 citations
"Meta-analysis of biosolid effects o..." refers methods in this paper
...(Gardner, 1986) Other physicochemical properties of soils and biosolids were determined using standardmethods by the UC Davis Analytical Laboratory at University of California Davis, CA, and are summarized in Table 1....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses that suggested a propensity of TCC to persist in various environmental compartments with predicted half-lives ranging from 0.75 days in air to 540 days in sediment.
Abstract: Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) are antimicrobial additives in personal care products. Whereas TCS has been studied extensively, the environmental fate of TCC remains largely unknown. To address this data gap, we performed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses that suggested a propensity of TCC to persist in various environmental compartments with predicted half-lives ranging from 0.75 days in air to 540 days in sediment. Moreover, concentrations of both antimicrobials were measured in 42 environmental samples from the Greater Baltimore region using a combination of solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and isotope dilution. The co-occurrence of TCC and TCS was observed, owing to similar properties, usage, disposal, and environmental half-lives. A linear empirical correlation (R2 = 0.9882) fit the log-log-transformed data from diverse aquatic media and spanned 5 orders of magnitude in concentration. Occurrences of TCC predicted for 85 U.S. streams were statistically indistinguishable from experimental regional data (alpha < or = 0.05). Annual loading of antimicrobials to water resources probably is dominated by activated sludge treatment plants (39-67%), followed by trickling filters (31-54%) and combined and sanitary sewer overflows (2-7% and <0.2%, respectively). Study results suggest that TCC is a previously unrecognized contaminant of U.S. water resources nationwide, likely ranking in the top 10 in occurrence rate and in the top 20 in maximum concentration among 96 organic pollutants considered. The magnitude and frequency of TCC contamination (regional, 6750 ng/L, 68%; predicted nationwide for 1999--2000, 1150 ng/L, 60%) were markedly higher than non-peer-reviewed numbers (240 ng/L, 30%, U.S.) currently used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for evaluating TCC's ecological and human health risks.
564 citations
TL;DR: The use of five mega composite samples holds promise for conducting cost-effective, routine monitoring on a regional and national basis of PPCP releases in U.S. biosolids, and the most abundant PPCPs appear to show limited fluctuations in mass over time when assessed on a nationwide basis.
466 citations
"Meta-analysis of biosolid effects o..." refers background in this paper
...(United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009; McClellan and Halden, 2010; Heidler et al., 2006; Cha and Cupples, 2009) Research shows that triclosan and triclocarban may induce developmental, carcinogenic or other chronic toxicities to human and other nontarget organisms....
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...(United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009; McClellan and Halden, 2010; Heidler et al., 2006; Cha and Cupples, 2009) Once in soil, PPCPs may accumulate into edible parts of plants or...
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TL;DR: Data from two different harvests suggest that the uptake from soil to root and translocation from root to leaf may be rate limited for triclosan and triclocarban and metabolism may occur within the plant for carbamazepine.
Abstract: Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly found in biosolids and effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Land application of these biosolids and the reclamation of treated wastewater can transfer those PPCPs into the terrestrial and aquatic environments, giving rise to potential accumulation in plants. In this work, a greenhouse experiment was used to study the uptake of three pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diphenhydramine, and fluoxetine) and two personal care products (triclosan and triclocarban) by an agriculturally important species, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Two treatments simulating biosolids application and wastewater irrigation were investigated. After growing for 60 and 110 days, plant tissues and soils were analyzed for target compounds. Carbamazepine, triclosan, and triclocarban were found to be concentrated in root tissues and translocated into above ground parts including beans, whereas accumulation and translocation for diphenhydramine and fluoxetine w...
367 citations
"Meta-analysis of biosolid effects o..." refers background in this paper
...(Prosser et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2010; Sabourin et al., 2012) The potential for secondary pollution depends on a chemical's availability in soil, which is a function of dissipation or half-life (t1/2)....
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TL;DR: Adsorption and degradation of six selected PPCPs, including ibuprofen, naproxen, triclosan, diclofenac and bisphenol A have been investigated in the laboratory using four US agricultural soils associated with reclaimed wastewater reuse.
342 citations