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Metal foams: towards microcellular materials

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TLDR
In this paper, various techniques to manufacture low-density metallic foams containing sub-millimetre or even micrometre-sized pores are discussed and first trial experiments are presented.
Abstract
Various techniques to manufacture low-density metallic foams containing sub-millimetre or even micrometre-sized pores are discussed and first trial experiments presented. Three strategies are evaluated: use of an intrinsic blowing agent, foaming under high pressure and foam control by mechanical pressure manipulation. In all three cases, average pore diameters well below 1 mm could be achieved for some aluminium or zinc-based foams while keeping the relative density in a range between 20 % and 50 % of the full metal density.

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Light‐Metal Foams—History of Innovation and Technological Challenges

TL;DR: The history of metallic foams and the key innovations that have led to the variety of processing methods known today are reviewed in this article, where it is evident that the idea of foaming metals is very old and that most of the techniques used today have been proposed already in the 1950s.
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Research process on property and application of metal porous materials

TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical properties, biological properties, permeability and strength and corrosion resistance of metal porous materials are described, and the current applications of the metal porous material in the fields of energy and environmental protection, chemical industry, and biomedical material are introduced in details.
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A survey of fabrication and application of metallic foams (1925–2017)

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of metal foams, their fabrication techniques and commercial applications are discussed along with their characteristic process parameters, and the focus of the review finally shifts to open cell metallic foams for biomedical applications.
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Controlled fabrication of porous metals from the nanometer to the macroscopic scale

TL;DR: A review of the different techniques to prepare porous metals with the focus on evaluating them with respect to their flexibility and ability to control and tailor the architecture over several length scales is provided in this article.
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Design optimization of a novel bio-inspired 3D porous structure for crashworthiness

TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchical three-dimensional porous (H3DP) structure inspired by the bone in nature is created based on the primitive triply periodic minimal surface sheet structure, which is a basic threedimensional periodic porous structure consist of triply frequent minimal surfaces.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Size effects in ductile cellular solids. Part II : experimental results

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of specimen size (relative to the cell size) on selected mechanical properties of aluminum foams and provided a physical basis for understanding size effects in metallic foams.
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Compressive deformation and yielding mechanisms in cellular Al alloys determined using X-ray tomography and surface strain mapping

TL;DR: The mechanism of compressive deformation that occurs in both closed and open cell Al alloys has been established by using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and surface strain mapping to determine the deformation modes and the cell morphologies that control the onset of yielding.
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Variability in mechanical properties of a metal foam

TL;DR: In this article, variability in elastic modulus, plastic strength, and energy absorption of a closed-cell Al foam, ALPORAS, and their connection with the variability in the density was examined.
Journal ArticleDOI

Improvement of aluminium foam technology by tailoring of blowing agent

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various strategies to improve aluminium foams and then demonstrate that titanium hydride can be tailored by selective oxidation and partial discharge to yield more uniform foams.
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