Metazoan parasites of Brama australis from southern Chile: a tool for stock discrimination?

doi:10.1111/JFB.12881

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Metazoan parasites of Brama australis from southern Chile: a tool for stock discrimination?

Journal Article•DOI•

Metazoan parasites of Brama australis from southern Chile: a tool for stock discrimination?

Marcelo E. Oliva¹, Marcelo E. Oliva², J. F. Espinola¹, L. A. Ñacari¹•Institutions (2)

University of Antofagasta¹, University of Concepción²

01 Mar 2016-Journal of Fish Biology (J Fish Biol)-Vol. 88, Iss: 3, pp 1143-1148

TL;DR: The metazoan parasites of 403 specimens of the southern ray's bream Brama australis from three localities in southern Chile were recorded and Parasitological evidence does not support the existence of discrete stocks in the studied zone.

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Abstract: The metazoan parasites of 403 specimens of the southern ray's bream Brama australis from three localities in southern Chile (Lebu 36° 70' S; 73° 40' W, Calbuco 41° 50' S; 73° 08' W and Punta Arenas 53° 10' S; 70° 50' W) were recorded. More than 23 400 parasite specimens belonging to 12 taxa were registered. Metazoan parasites were dominated by the copepod Hatschekia conifera, constituting 97% of the total number of parasites; the larval cestode Hepatoxylon trichiuri was the second most important parasite (2·1% of the total number of parasites). The remaining 10 species constituted <1% of the metazoan parasites. Parasitological evidence, based on univariate and multivariate analysis, does not support the existence of discrete stocks in the studied zone.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Helminth parasites of South American fishes: current status and characterization as a model for studies of biodiversity.

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José L. Luque¹, Felipe B. Pereira¹, Philippe V. Alves¹, Marcelo E. Oliva², Juan T. Timi³ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro¹, University of Antofagasta², Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales³

01 Mar 2017-Journal of Helminthology

TL;DR: The closest true estimations of species diversity and distribution will rely on further studies combining both molecular and morphological approaches with ecological data such as host specificity, geographical distribution and life-cycle data.

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Abstract: The South American subcontinent supports one of the world's most diverse and commercially very important ichthyofauna. In this context, the study of South American fish parasites is of increased relevance in understanding their key roles in ecosystems, regulating the abundance or density of host populations, stabilizing food webs and structuring host communities. It is hard to estimate the number of fish parasites in South America. The number of fish species studied for parasites is still low (less than 10%), although the total number of host-parasite associations (HPAs) found in the present study was 3971. Monogeneans, with 835 species (1123 HPAs, 28.5%), and trematodes, with 662 species (1127 HPAs, 30.9%), are the more diverse groups. Data gathered from the literature are useful to roughly estimate species richness of helminths from South American fish, even though there are some associated problems: the reliability of information depends on accurate species identification; the lack of knowledge about life cycles; the increasing number of discoveries of cryptic species and the geographically biased number of studies. Therefore, the closest true estimations of species diversity and distribution will rely on further studies combining both molecular and morphological approaches with ecological data such as host specificity, geographical distribution and life-cycle data. Research on biodiversity of fish parasites in South America is influenced by problems such as funding, taxonomic impediments and dispersion of research groups. Increasing collaboration, interchange and research networks in the context of globalization will enable a promising future for fish parasitology in South America.

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48 citations

Cites background from "Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..."

...The research group from the UA, Chile, has dealt with different subjects concerning helminths parasitic in fish, including ecological (Oliva et al., 2016) and taxonomic studies (molecular and morphological characterization) of some taxa (Oliva et al....
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...The research group from the UA, Chile, has dealt with different subjects concerning helminths parasitic in fish, including ecological (Oliva et al., 2016) and taxonomic studies (molecular and morphological characterization) of some taxa (Oliva et al., 2014, 2015)....
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Dissertation•

Does host diet govern the structure and diversity of tapeworm assemblages in sharks? Insights from the literature and a model shark species; Cephaloscyllium isabellum

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Trent Rasmussen

01 Jan 2018

TL;DR: Investigation of sharks’ diets for the structure and diversity of their tapeworm assemblages revealed diet breadth to be a key predictor of Tapeworm richness in sharks, indicating that sharks with broader diets generally harbour more tapew Worm species.

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Abstract: Previous research has shed some light on what phylogenetic and ecological factors may be important determinants of tapeworm parasite diversity in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays). However, several potentially key factors for tapeworm transmission, i ncluding the breadth and composition of host’s diets, have been recognised as crucial gaps in our understanding. The main objective of this research was to investigate the relative importance of sharks’ diets for the structure and diversity of their tapeworm assemblages. First, the literature was searched for information on tapeworms and host features for a large subset of different shark species, and aspects of shark’s diets (including their diet breadth, diet composition and trophic level) were assessed for their relative importance as predictors of tapeworm diversity. Second, literature records were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between shark’s diet compositions and tapeworm compositions. Finally, the importance of host diet was examined as a potential encounter filter for restricting tapeworm diversity in a model shark species, Cephaloscyllium isabellum. The results of this study revealed diet breadth to be a key predictor of tapeworm richness in sharks, indicating that sharks with broader diets generally harbour more tapeworm species. The composition of tapeworms infecting a shark species was found to be related to its diet composition, and moreover, certain tapeworm taxa were found to be useful indicators of the host species' ecology and evolutionary history. The research on C. isabellum here offered only limited insights into the potential importance of diet as an encounter filter for the shark, but provided some new important data on both the diet and parasites of this species. Ultimately, the observational studies carried out within this research emphasise that aspects of sharks’ diets can have important implications for their tapeworm parasite assemblages. Further exploration of these patterns with experimental research may be able to validate the influence of these patterns in nature.

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12 citations

Dissertation•

Studies on the diversity and distribution of marine ichthyoparasites in Southern Africa

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Muhammad Azher Irfan Nunkoo

01 Jan 2019

TL;DR: Thesis Overview: Currents, Oceanography and Biogeography of Marine Ecosystems of South Western Africa ............................................................... 18 2.3.2.1. Study Region:Currents of Southern Africa .......................................................................................... 16 2.4.3 Thesis Overview ........................................................................................................... 14.

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Abstract: .................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1. General Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Marine Parasitology ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Marine Parasites: Life Cycles, Roles and Functions ...................................................... 2 1.3. Marine Parasites and Humans ......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. Impacts of Marine Parasites on Humans ................................................................. 5 1.3.1.1. Implications in Capture Fisheries ..................................................................... 5 1.3.1.2. Implications for Human Health ........................................................................ 7 1.3.1.3. Implications for Aquaculture ............................................................................ 9 1.3.2. Impacts of Humans on Marine Parasites ............................................................... 10 1.3.2.1. Marine Fisheries.............................................................................................. 10 1.3.2.2. Marine Pollution ............................................................................................. 11 1.3.3. Applied Marine Parasitology ................................................................................. 12 1.3.3.1. Parasites as Biological Markers ...................................................................... 12 1.3.3.2. Parasites as Bioindicators ............................................................................... 13 1.4. Thesis Overview ........................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2. Study Region: Currents, Oceanography and Biogeography .................................. 16 2.1. Currents of Southern Africa .......................................................................................... 16 2.1.1. The Benguela Current ............................................................................................ 16 2.1.2. The Agulhas Current .............................................................................................. 17 2.2. Marine Ecosystems of South Western Africa ............................................................... 18 2.2.1. The Northern Benguela .......................................................................................... 19

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11 citations

Cites background from "Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..."

...has a well documented high affinity for members of the family Bramidae (e.g. Jones 1985; Ho and Kim 1996; George-Nascimento et al. 2002; Moles 2007; Cantatore et al. 2012; Oliva et al. 2016), H....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Macroparasites of angelfish Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the southern Benguela Current ecosystem

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AL Mackintosh¹, Cecile Reed¹, Mai Nunkoo¹, PH King², CD van der Lingen³, CD van der Lingen¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

University of Cape Town¹, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University², Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries³

03 Jul 2018-African Journal of Marine Science

TL;DR: Two of the parasites of B. brama showed seasonal variation in infection, and infection with the latter was positively correlated with host length, contributing to the understanding of the biodiversity of the southern Benguela ecosystem.

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Abstract: The angelfish Brama brama is a mesopelagic species distributed circumglobally in temperate to warm-temperate waters, including continental-shelf-edge and upper-slope waters of the Benguela Current ecosystem. Little is known about the parasite assemblage of Benguela B. brama, with only three parasite taxa having previously been documented from this species in the southern Benguela. This study describes the macroparasites recorded from 35 B. brama collected during research surveys off the west coast of South Africa in 2015 and 2016. A total of six macroparasite taxa were documented, including the nematode Anisakis pegreffii, the copepod Hatschekia conifera, the cestode Hepatoxylon trichiuri, an acanthocephalan from the genus Rhadinorhynchus, a monogenean from the family Diclidophoridae, and an unidentified species. Three of these (He. trichiuri, Rhadinorhynchus sp. and the unidentified species) had not previously been found to infect B. brama. The most prevalent macroparasite taxa were A. pegreffii (94%), the unidentified species (71%) and Ha. conifera (60%). Two of the parasites, Ha. conifera and He. trichiuri, showed seasonal variation in infection, and infection with the latter was positively correlated with host length. These findings increase our knowledge of B. brama biology and contribute to our understanding of the biodiversity of the southern Benguela ecosystem.Keywords: angelfish, Anisakis pegreffii, Atlantic pomfret, Hatschekia conifera, Hepatoxylon trichiuri, infection intensity, parasitism, teleost

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9 citations

Cites background from "Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..."

...Identification of the parasites was based on their morphological features and the use of existing literature on southern Benguela parasite species and the parasites from Brama species elsewhere (i.e. Yamaguti 1939; Oldewage 1993; Knoff et al. 2004; Jakob and Palm 2006; Mattiucci and Nascetti 2006; Mladineo 2006; Moles 2007; Whittaker 2009; Mangena et al. 2010; Amin et al. 2011; Giarratana et al. 2012; Taylor et al. 2012; Iannacone and Alvarino 2013; Oliva et al. 2016)....
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...Parasites can also be used as biological tags to track migration patterns of fishes (Baldwin et al. 2011; Oliva et al. 2016), since spatial differences in parasite composition within a fish population might be due to differences in geographical distributions of the parasite species rather than differences in host biology (MacKenzie and Longshaw 1995)....
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...…species elsewhere (i.e. Yamaguti 1939; Oldewage 1993; Knoff et al. 2004; Jakob and Palm 2006; Mattiucci and Nascetti 2006; Mladineo 2006; Moles 2007; Whittaker 2009; Mangena et al. 2010; Amin et al. 2011; Giarratana et al. 2012; Taylor et al. 2012; Iannacone and Alvarino 2013; Oliva et al. 2016)....
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...australis off the coast of southern Chile (Oliva et al. 2016)....
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...This study Unidentified species This study Central North Sea Caligus sp. Whittaker (2009) Koellikeria filicolis Octodactylus sp. Floriceps gigas Tetraphyllidea sp. Thynnascaris sp. Hysterothylacium sp. Echinorhynchus sp. Western North Atlantic Gymnorhynchus gigas Nematode species Taylor et al. (2012) Mediterranean Sea Koellikeria filicolis Sphiriocephalus tergestinus Anisakis sp. Gymnorhynchus gigas Giarratana et al. (2012) [Note: This work refers to the host as Brama raji, a junior synonym of B. brama] Brama japonica Alaska and surrounds Lampritrema nipponicum Moles (2007) Hatschekia conifera Lima, Peru Hatschekia conifera Iannacone and Alvarino (2013) Hepatoxylon trichiuri Koellikeria filicollis Brama dussumieri Southern Java coast Hemiuridae species Jakob and Palm (2006) Digenea species Tentacularia coryphaenae Nybelinia africana Heteronybelinia estigmena Mixonybelinia lepturi Sphyriocephalus tergestinus Scolex pleuronectis Cestoda species Anisakis sp. Pseudanisakis sp. Raphidascaris sp. Gorgorhynchus robertdollfusi Rhadinorhynchus sp. Caligus elongatus Hatschekia conifera Brama australis Southern Chile Hatschekia conifera Oliva et al. (2016) Koellikeria sp. Diclidophoridae species Copiatestes sp. Lampritrema sp. Didymozoidea species Hemiuridae species Nybelinia sp. Hepatoxylon trichiuri Acanthocephala species Rhadinorhynchus sp. Anisakis sp. (Table 2); 16 different parasite taxa have been recorded from B. dussumieri from the south Java coast (Jakob and Palm 2006) and 12 species have been recorded from B. australis off the coast of southern Chile (Oliva et al. 2016)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?

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Gabriela Muñoz¹, F.D. Cartes¹•Institutions (1)

Valparaiso University¹

11 Aug 2020-Journal of Helminthology

TL;DR: The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments.

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Abstract: The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample size n ≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.

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6 citations

References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited.

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Albert O. Bush¹, Kevin D. Lafferty, Jeffrey M. Lotz, Allen W. Shostak•Institutions (1)

University of Manitoba¹

01 Aug 1997-Journal of Parasitology

TL;DR: Suggestions for various terms used by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites are provided in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms.

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Abstract: We consider 27 population and community terms used frequently by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites. We provide suggestions for various terms in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms. We suggest strongly that authors, whether they agree or disagree with us, provide complete and unambiguous definitions for all parameters of their studies.

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6,400 citations

"Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..." refers methods in this paper

...For each parasite, species descriptors (prevalence and mean intensity) were calculated as indicated by Bush et al. (1997)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Biostatistical Analysis, 3rd edn.

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A. R. Watkinson, J. H. Zar

01 Oct 1996-Journal of Applied Ecology

1,926 citations

"Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..." refers methods in this paper

...Statistical analysis follows Zar (1996) using SYSTAT 8.0 (Wilkinson, 1990) as a statistical tool....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Parasites as biological tags for stock discrimination of marine fish: a guide to procedures and methods

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Ken MacKenzie¹, Pablo Abaunza•Institutions (1)

University of Aberdeen¹

01 Sep 1998-Fisheries Research

TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for parasitologists and fishery biologists to the use of parasites as biological tags for stock discrimination of marine fish.

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225 citations

"Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..." refers methods in this paper

...Biological characteristics of parasites were used to define their value as biological tags, as suggested by MacKenzie & Abaunza (1998), which specified long-lived parasites (encysted larval forms: Anisakis sp., Hepatoxylon trichiuri and Nybelinia sp.), in addition to the ectoparasite Hatschekia…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Parasites as biological tags

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M. Moser¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Santa Cruz¹

01 Jan 1991-Parasitology Today

TL;DR: It has been twenty years since Lincicome led the call for parasites' acceptance as admirable organisms, apparently without much success, and Mike Moser offers a brief reminder of the virtues of parasites and the benefits of being parasitized.

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122 citations

"Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..." refers background or methods in this paper

...This approach has been used successfully in population studies to distinguish stocks (Moser, 1991) and to follow migratory movements (Oliva, 2001) of fish hosts. Recently, George-Nascimento & Oliva (2015) reviewed the use of parasites as biological tags in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean....
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...This approach has been used successfully in population studies to distinguish stocks (Moser, 1991) and to follow migratory movements (Oliva, 2001) of fish hosts....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Metazoan parasites of the Chilean hake Merluccius gayi gayi as a tool for stock discrimination

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Marcelo E. Oliva¹, Isabel Ballón¹•Institutions (1)

University of Antofagasta¹

01 Jun 2002-Fisheries Research

TL;DR: A canonical discriminant function using the most prevalent parasites suggests that the Chilean hake subspecies includes two stocks: a southern stock, associated with the fishing port of Puerto Montt, and a central stock, related to the fishing ports of Talcahuano, San Antonio and Coquimbo.

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62 citations

"Metazoan parasites of Brama austral..." refers background or methods in this paper

...Therefore, parasite © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2016, 88, 1143–1148 counts were not adjusted for LT, and the analyses included the whole sample rather than those of similar host age groups (Oliva & Ballón, 2002)....
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...Fishing regulations assume that there is a single stock along the Chilean coast, as for all other marine resources (Oliva & Ballón, 2002)....
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...Fish were obtained directly from local fishermen to ensure that samples were closely associated to a landing port (Oliva & Ballón, 2002)....
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