Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients
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TLDR
It is hypothesised that metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce their risk of cancer and tested this hypothesis using record linkage databases developed in Tayside, Scotland: a diabetes clinical information system (DARTS) and a database of dispensed prescriptions (MEMO).Abstract:
Metformin, widely given to patients with type 2 diabetes, works by targeting the enzyme AMPK (AMP activated protein kinase), which induces muscles to take up glucose from the blood. A recent breakthrough has found the upstream regulator of AMPK to be a protein kinase known as LKB1.1 2 LKB1 is a well recognised tumour suppressor. Activation of AMPK by metformin and exercise requires LKB1, and this would also explain why exercise is beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of certain cancers.3 We hypothesise that metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce their risk of cancer.
We tested this hypothesis using record linkage databases developed in Tayside, Scotland: a diabetes clinical information system (DARTS) and a database of dispensed prescriptions (MEMO).4 We did a pilot case-control study using previously validated methods.5
From 314 127 people who were resident (or died) in Tayside in …read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRADα/β and MO25α/β are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade
Simon A. Hawley,Jérôme Boudeau,Jennifer L Reid,Kirsty J. Mustard,Lina Udd,Tomi P. Mäkelä,Dario R. Alessi,D. Grahame Hardie +7 more
TL;DR: These results provide the first description of a physiological substrate for the LKB1 tumor suppressor and suggest that it functions as an upstream regulator of AMPK.
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LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1
Jose M. Lizcano,Olga Göransson,Rachel Toth,Maria Deak,Nick A. Morrice,Jérôme Boudeau,Simon A. Hawley,Lina Udd,Tomi P. Mäkelä,D. Grahame Hardie,Dario R. Alessi +10 more
TL;DR: The results show that LKB1 functions as a master upstream protein kinase, regulating AMPK‐related kinases as well as AMPK, and may mediate the physiological effects of L KB1, including its tumour suppressor function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review 2000–2003
TL;DR: The evidence that PA confers a positive benefit on health is updated, using research studies in the peer-reviewed scientific literature published between 2000-2003, including updates in all-cause mortality and in cardiovascular disease prevention, diabetes, stroke, mental health, falls and injuries, and in obesity prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
The diabetes audit and research in Tayside Scotland (darts) study: electronic record linkage to create a diabetes register
Andrew D. Morris,Douglas Boyle,Ritchie MacAlpine,Alistair Emslie-Smith,Roland T. Jung,Ray W. Newton,Ray W. Newton,Thomas M. MacDonald +7 more
TL;DR: Electronic record linkage was more sensitive than general practice registers in identifying diabetic subjects and identified an additional 0.18% of the population with a history of hyperglycaemia who might warrant screening for undiagnosed diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study
Josie M M Evans,Alex D. McMahon,Mark McGilchrist,G. White,F. E. Murray,Denis G. McDevitt,Thomas M. MacDonald +6 more
TL;DR: Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not significantly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation after adjustment for the confounding effects of concomitant use of oral anti-inflammatories and ulcer healing drugs.