Patent•
Method of forming implantable prostheses for reconstructive surgery
02 Jun 1983-
TL;DR: In this paper, the selected internal skeletal structure is measured by subjecting the body to radiant energy to produce radiant energy responses that are detected to obtain representations delineating the skeletal structure.
Abstract: Non-invasive method of forming prostheses of skeletal structures internal to a body for use in reconstructive surgery. The selected internal skeletal structure is measured by subjecting the body to radiant energy to produce radiant energy responses that are detected to obtain representations delineating the skeletal structure. Three dimensional coordinate data defining the skeletal structure is generated from the obtained representations. The coordinate data is employed to control a sculpting tool to form the prosthesis.
Citations
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Patent•
05 Jun 1996TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a manipulator assembly for holding and manipulating a surgical instrument in a telerobotic system, which includes an instrument holder removably coupled to a drive assembly so that the holder can be sterilized.
Abstract: The invention is directed to manipulator assembly (2) for holding and manipulating a surgical instrument (14) in a telerobotic system. The manipulator assembly includes an instrument holder removably coupled to a drive assembly so that the holder can be sterilized. The assembly further includes a force sensing element (52) mounted distal to the holder and the drive assembly for detecting forces exerted on the surgical instrument and providing feedback to the surgeon. The invention is also directed to a system and method for releasably holding a surgical instrument (14). The system includes an instrument support for automatically locking mounting pins on the instrument within locking slots on the instrument holder to releasably couple the instrument to the holder. With a twist-lock motion, the surgeon can rapidly engage and disengage various instruments from the holder during a surgical procedure, such as open surgery, laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
1,008 citations
Patent•
18 Sep 2006TL;DR: In this article, a system and method for releasably holding a surgical instrument, such as an endoscopic instrument configured for delivery through a small percutaneous penetration in a patient, is presented.
Abstract: The invention is directed to a system and method for releasably holding a surgical instrument (14), such as an endoscopic instrument configured for delivery through a small percutaneous penetration in a patient. The instrument comprises an elongate shaft (100) with a pair of mounting pins (116) laterally extending from the shaft between its proximal and distal ends. An instrument holder comprises a support having a central bore (202) and an axially extending slot (204) for receiving the instrument shaft and the mounting pins. A pair of locking slots (206) are cut into the support transversely to and in communication with the axial slot so that the mounting pins can be rotated within the locking slots. The instrument support further includes a latch assembly for automatically locking the mounting pins within the locking slots to releasably couple the instrument to the instrument holder. With this twist-lock motion, the surgeon can rapidly engage and disengage various instruments from the holder during a surgical procedure, such as open surgery, laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
921 citations
Patent•
23 Sep 1986
TL;DR: An apparatus and method for computer controlled stereotactic surgery is described in this paper, where the robotic arm is used to precisely orient the surgical tools or other implements used in conducting the surgery or related procedure.
Abstract: An apparatus and method for computer controlled stereotactic surgery is disclosed. This method utilizes an imaging device, a robotic arm and a means for controlling the robotic arm. Stereotactic surgery on integral body parts, e.g. the brain, spine, knee or other joint, breast, etc. may be accomplished with relatively greater precision and smaller incisions. The imaging device, which may be a computerized tomography (CT) axial imaging system, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, or any suitable image-providing means, provides information regarding the structure of the bodily location to be operated on. The robotic arm is utilized to precisely orient the surgical tools or other implements used in conducting the surgery or related procedure. The control means, such as a computer, utilizes information received from the imaging device, alone or together with other information, to control the robotic arm.
581 citations
Patent•
05 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-dimensional digital model is created based on the radiological data and patient information, which is then converted into machine instructions to construct the biomedical device and used for best fit selection of a biomedical device from a pre-existing set of biomedical devices or machine-instructions.
Abstract: The rapid design and manufacture of biomedical devices such as implants, oral dosage pills and implantable pharmaceuticals employs electronic data and modeling transmissions via a computer network. Patient information and patient-specific radiological data is captured and transmitted via a computer network to a design and/or manufacturing site. A multi-dimensional digital model is created based on the radiological data and patient information. Communications interchanges between a clinical/diagnostic site and a design/manufacturing site permit modification of the digital model until approved. The approved digital model is converted into machine instructions to construct the biomedical device. Alternatively, the digital model is employed in a best fit selection of a biomedical device from a pre-existing set of biomedical devices or machine-instructions. Transmittal of data over computer networks is further directed to the use of a Website to perform various client-interaction and follow-up tasks.
502 citations
Patent•
06 Jun 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for planning surgery on a body portion is provided in the steps of gathering image data, storing image data and reading the image data into a computer, generating a 3D computer model of the body portion from the image dataset, identifying anatomical features relevant to the surgery, and defining at least one desired correction to anatomical structures to be accomplished by the surgery.
Abstract: A method for planning surgery on a body portion is provided in the steps of gathering image data, storing the image data, reading the image data into a computer, generating a three-dimensional computer model of the body portion from the image data, identifying anatomical features relevant to the surgery, and defining at least one desired correction to anatomical structures to be accomplished by the surgery. Also, a method for performing surgery on a body portion is provided in the steps of loading surgical plan data into a computer, registering a three-dimensional computer model of the body portion stored in the surgical plan data to the body portion, providing at least one surgical tool, positioning the surgical tool relative to the body portion and performing the surgery. Further, a jig assembly is provided in the form of a femoral docking jig, a femoral contouring jig, and a tibial jig.
498 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the head of a patient is held in place horizontally on the indexable sliding cradle of an X-ray scanner by a vertical ring encircling the head having radiolucent rests supporting the head behind the ears at the mastoid processes and beneath the eyes at the cheekbone area.
143 citations
Patent•
30 May 1974
TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus is disclosed for examining a body by means of penetrating radiation in which the radiation is provided in the form of a sector subtending a predetermined angle at the radiation source and detected by an array of detectors in the plane of the sector.
Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for examining a body by means of penetrating radiation in which the radiation is provided in the form of a sector subtending a predetermined angle at the radiation source and detected by an array of detectors in the plane of the sector. The source and detectors are scanned laterally in the plane of the sector and orbited about an axis perpendicular to that plane at an angular rate which takes account of the angle subtended by the sector. Output signals produced by the detectors related to radiation incident at different angles in the sector during the scanning movements, are used to construct a distribution of absorption coefficients for a planar slice of the body.
66 citations
Patent•
23 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a fan beam source of radiation is used to scan a part or all of a patient by X-rays or gamma rays to obtain two or three dimensional information, and the results are then exhibited by a suitable display device such as a cathode ray tube.
Abstract: Apparatus for scanning a part or all of a patient by X-rays or gamma rays to obtain two or three dimensional information. The apparatus comprises a fan beam source of radiation which is moveable relative to the patient and means fixed or movably relative to the patient, but fixed relative to the source of radiation comprising a scintillation crystal or fluoroscopic screen which may be tilted at an angle, a lens system, a charge coupled device for translating the light photons received from the crystal or screen into a corresponding analog signal which can then be processed either directly by an analog computer or after conversion to digital signals, by a digital computer. The results are then exhibited by a suitable display device such as a cathode ray tube.
57 citations
Patent•
18 Feb 1969TL;DR: In this paper, the shape, location, and density of a hidden object is provided by passing energy such as X-rays through the object in two mutually angulated directions and measuring the changes in energy.
Abstract: Measurement of the shape, location, and density of a hidden object is provided by passing energy such as X-rays through the object in two mutually angulated directions and measuring the changes in energy The measured changes in the two directions are then combined to reconstruct the shape of the hidden object Details of a number of reconstruction techniques are set forth There is disclosed a reconstruction by hand; the basis for reconstruction by a general purpose computer; a special purpose computer for shape reconstruction; and an alternative solution which may be by hand or by computer
33 citations
Patent•
29 Nov 1974TL;DR: In this article, a fan-shaped beam of penetrating radiation, such as X-ray or γ-ray radiation, is directed through a slice of the body to a position sensitive detector for deriving a shadowgraph of transmission or absorption of the penetrating radiation by the body.
Abstract: A fan-shaped beam of penetrating radiation, such as X-ray or γ-ray radiation, is directed through a slice of the body to be analyzed to a position sensitive detector for deriving a shadowgraph of transmission or absorption of the penetrating radiation by the body. A number of such shadowgraphs are obtained for different angles of rotation of the fan-shaped beam relative to the center of the slice being analyzed. The detected fan beam shadowgraph data is reordered into shadowgraph data corresponding to sets of parallel paths of radiation through the body. The reordered parallel path shadowgraph data is then convoluted in accordance with a 3-D reconstruction method by convolution in a computer to derive a 3-D reconstructed tomograph of the body under analysis. In a preferred embodiment, the position sensitive detector comprises a multiwire detector wherein the wires are arrayed parallel to the direction of the divergent penetrating rays to be detected. A focussed grid collimator is interposed between the body and the position sensitive detector for collimating the penetrating rays to be detected. The source of penetrating radiation is preferably a monochromatic source.
31 citations