Methodology to examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) nitrated PAHs and oxygenated PAHs in sediments of the Paraguaçu River (Bahia, Brazil).
TL;DR: A new analytical protocol for the determination of PACs in sediments using microextraction, which requires small sample masses, 500 μL of acetonitrile-dichloromethane mix and sonication for 23 min, followed by GC-MS analysis, showed good sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy.
About: This article is published in Marine Pollution Bulletin.The article was published on 2018-11-01. It has received 25 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Certified reference materials.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided the first description, source apportionment, and health risk for PM2.5-bound 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 16 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in cold regions of China.
52 citations
TL;DR: The concentration of 15 PAHs in soil and sediments at different sites from the Awotan-Asunle dumpsite area in the Southwestern region of Nigeria, which is one of the largest dumpsites in Africa was determined by GC-MS.
29 citations
TL;DR: The proposed procedure was found to be comprehensive, precise, accurate, and suitable for determination of PACs in water samples.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the sources, toxicity, contamination status, physicochemical properties, especially, the advances of their sample preparation and quantification methods in various matrices in the past decade are summarized.
Abstract: Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They are trace pollutants commonly found in the environment and have been widely detected in various matrices. Nitro-PAHs are direct mutagens and carcinogens to humans, so they have attracted increasing public attention. In order to accurately assess the adverse effects of nitro-PAHs on human health, it is necessary to analyze them in different samples. In this review, the sources, toxicity, contamination status, physicochemical properties, especially, the advances of their sample preparation and quantification methods in various matrices in the past decade are summarized.
21 citations
TL;DR: A literature-based analysis investigating occurrence and the possible consequences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine protected areas (MPAs) of Latin America and Caribbean found petrogenic and pyrolytic processes as PAH predominant sources, and were mainly attributed to the proximity to ports, industries and urban areas.
15 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, parent and alkyl PAHs were quantified in suspended particulates and sediments (345 samples) from the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, and the best potential to distinguish natural and anthropogenic sources is exhibited by ratios of the principal mass 178, 202, 228 and 276 parent PAH, 1,7/2,6+1,7-DMP (dimethylphenanthrene), the phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene alkyal PAH series and several less commonly applied PA
3,527 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Working Group that produced these protocols/guidelines has now been mandated by IUPAC to prepare guidelines on the single-laboratory validation of methods of analysis, providing minimum recommendations on procedures that should be employed to ensure adequate validation of analytical methods.
Abstract: Method validation is one of the measures universally recognized as a necessary part of a comprehensive system of quality assurance in analytical chemistry. In the past, ISO, IUPAC, and AOAC International have cooperated to produce agreed protocols or guidelines on the "Design, conduct and interpretation of method performance studies" [1], on the "Proficiency testing of (chemical) analytical laboratories" [2], on ''Internal quality control in analytical chemistry laboratories" [3], and on "The use of recovery information in analytical measurement" [4]. The Working Group that produced these protocols/guidelines has now been mandated by IUPAC to prepare guidelines on the single-laboratory validation of methods of analysis. These guidelines provide minimum recommendations on procedures that should be employed to ensure adequate validation of analytical methods. A draft of the guidelines has been discussed at an International Symposium on the Harmonization of Quality Assurance Systems in Chemical Laboratory, the proceedings from which have been published by the UK Royal Society of Chemistry.
1,999 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main aspects of validation in chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis, showing similarities and differences between the guidelines established by the different Brazilian and international regulatory agencies.
Abstract: The validation of an analytical method is fundamental to implementing a quality control system in any analytical laboratory. As the separation techniques, GC, HPLC and CE, are often the principal tools used in such determinations, procedure validation is a necessity. The objective of this review is to describe the main aspects of validation in chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis, showing, in a general way, the similarities and differences between the guidelines established by the different Brazilian and international regulatory agencies.
900 citations
TL;DR: PAHs and hopanes fingerprints indicated that used crankcase oil is one of the major contributors of the sedimentary PAHs, and other biomarker profiles confirmed the hypothesis of the input from street dust contained the leaked crank case oil.
Abstract: This is the first publication on the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in riverine and coastal sediments in South East Asia where the rapid transfer of land-based pollutants into aquatic environments by heavy rainfall and runoff waters is of great concern. Twenty-nine Malaysian riverine and coastal sediments were analyzed for PAHs (3-7 rings) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Total PAHs concentrations in the sediment ranged from 4 to 924 ng/g. Alkylated homologues were abundant for all sediment samples. The ratio of the sum of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P), an index of petrogenic PAHs contribution, was more than unity for 26 sediment samples and more than 3 for seven samples for urban rivers covering a broad range of locations. The MP/P ratio showed a strong correlation with the total PAHs concentrations, with an r2 value of 0.74. This ratio and all other compositional features indicated that Malaysian urban sediments are heavily impacted by petrogenic PAHs. This finding is in contrast to other studies reported in many industrialized countries where PAHs are mostly of pyrogenic origin. The MP/P ratio was also significantly correlated with higher molecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, suggesting unique PAHs source in Malaysia which contains both petrogenic PAHs and pyrogenic PAHs. PAHs and hopanes fingerprints indicated that used crankcase oil is one of the major contributors of the sedimentary PAHs. Two major routes of inputs to aquatic environments have been identified: (1) spillage and dumping of waste crankcase oil and (2) leakage of crankcase oils from vehicles onto road surfaces, with the subsequent washout by street runoff. N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA), a molecular marker of street dust, was detected in the polluted sediments. NCBA and other biomarker profiles confirmed our hypothesis of the input from street dust contained the leaked crankcase oil. The fingerprints excluded crude oil, fresh lubricating oil, asphalt, and tire-particles as major contributors.
669 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this review is to describe the main aspects of validation in chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis, showing the similarities and differences between the guidelines established by the different Brazilian and international regulatory agencies.
Abstract: The validation of an analytical method is fundamental to implementing a quality control system in any analytical laboratory. As the separation techniques, GC, HPLC and CE, are often the principal tools used in such determinations, procedure validation is a necessity. The objective of this review is to describe the main aspects of validation in chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis, showing, in a general way, the similarities and differences between the guidelines established by the different Brazilian and international regulatory agencies.
507 citations