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Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
01 Jun 1965-
About: The article was published on 1965-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 3757 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbohydrate chemistry.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the main sources of starches, such as corn, rice, wheat, potato, and rice, are compared and compared significantly in composition, morphology, thermal, rheological and retrogradation properties, and the results show that potato starch exhibits higher swelling power, solubility, paste clarity and viscosity than wheat, rice or corn.
1,507 citations
TL;DR: The major carbohydrate of tuber and root crops is starch, which accounts for 16-24% of their total weight as mentioned in this paper, and substantial progress has been made in understanding the relationship between starch structure and physicochemical properties.
1,215 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of native maize starches with different amylose contents was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction, and the results showed a transition of crystalline type from A through C to B, accompanying a decrease in degree of crystallinity from 41.8% to 17.2% across a range of apparent amyloses content from 0% to 84%.
944 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of transfer reduction using hydrogen donors is presented, focusing mainly on those processes that can be effected by heterogeneous catalysis using molecules other than molecular hydrogen as the source of hydrogen.
Abstract: Reduction of organic compounds is important synthetically both in the laboratory and in industry. There are many methods of effecting reduction which may or may not lead to hydrogenation, but in this review only processes leading to the addition of hydrogen or replacement of a functional group by hydrogen will be considered. Further, this review will be concerned mostly with those processes that can be effected by heterogeneous catalysis using molecules other than molecular hydrogen as the source of hydrogen. Reduction of organic functional groups can be categorized into (i) addition of hydrogen to unsaturated groups as, for example, in the reduction of ketones to alcohols and (ii) addition of hydrogen across single bonds leading to cleavage of functional groups (hydrogenolysis). Removal of oxygen as a reductive process, as in the deoxygenation of oxiranes to alkenes, will not be discussed. Of all the methods available for addition of hydrogen to organic compounds, heterogeneous catalytic transfer reactions have been relatively underutilized. This lack of popularity can be traced to the relatively meager success of much of the earlier research which suggested that the technique was of only limited scope and could provide only modest yields of products. The early pioneering work by Braude' was largely ignored because of poor yields and long reaction times, but the situation has changed considerably following the appearance4 of a stimulating review and the introduction of greater catalyst loadings and different hydrogen donors.2 Another reason for the underutilization of transfer reduction has been the very successful exploitation of molecular hydrogen and hydrides for reduction of organic compounds. In comparison with catalytic reduction using molecular hydrogen, transfer reduction using hydrogen donors has real and potential advantages. Molecular hydrogen, a gas of low molecular weight and therefore high diffusibility, is easily ignited and presents considerable hazards, particularly on the large scale; the use of hydrogen donors obviates these difficulties in that no gas
824 citations
TL;DR: This method was successfully applied to analysis of aminosugar linkages in blood group B-active ceramide pentasaccharide from rabbit erythrocytes and in Forssman antigen of equine spleen.
799 citations