Journal ArticleDOI
Methods to pattern liquid metals
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors describe emerging methods to pattern metals that are liquid at room temperature, including injection, injection, subtractive, additive, and additive techniques, which can be divided into four categories: (i) patterning enabled by lithography, (ii) injection, (iii) subtractive and (iv) additive techniques.Abstract:
This highlight describes emerging methods to pattern metals that are liquid at room temperature. The ability to pattern liquid metals is important for fabricating metallic components that are soft, stretchable, conformal, and in some cases, shape-reconfigurable. Applications include electrodes, antennas, micro-mirrors, plasmonic structures, sensors, switches, and interconnects. Gallium (Ga) and its liquid metal alloys are attractive alternatives to toxic mercury. This family of alloys spontaneously forms a surface oxide that dominates the rheological and wetting properties of the metal. These properties pose challenges using conventional fabrication methods, but present new opportunities for patterning innovations. For example, Ga-based liquid metals may be injected, imprinted, or 3D printed on either soft or hard substrates. The use of a liquid metal also enables rapid and facile room temperature processing. The patterning techniques organize into four categories: (i) patterning enabled by lithography, (ii) injection, (iii) subtractive techniques, and (iv) additive techniques. Although many of these approaches take advantage of the surface oxide that forms on Ga and its alloys, some of the approaches may also be suitable for patterning other soft-conductors (e.g., conductive inks, pastes, elastomeric composites).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals.
TL;DR: The use of liquid metals based on gallium for soft and stretchable electronics is discussed, and these metals can be used actively to form memory devices, sensors, and diodes that are completely built from soft materials.
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Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin‐Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics
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Journal ArticleDOI
Liquid metals: fundamentals and applications in chemistry
Torben Daeneke,Khashayar Khoshmanesh,Nasir Mahmood,I. A. de Castro,Dorna Esrafilzadeh,Steven J. Barrow,Michael D. Dickey,Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh +7 more
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals underlying liquid metal research, including liquid metal synthesis, surface functionalisation and liquid metal enabled chemistry, and discusses phenomena that warrant further investigations in relevant fields.
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Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices
TL;DR: This review covers the smart designs of structural materials inspired by natural materials and their utility in the construction of flexible devices, and summarizes structural materials that accommodate mechanical deformations, which is the fundamental requirement for flexible devices to work properly in complex environments.
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Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics.
TL;DR: A discussion of the strategies in materials innovation and structural design to build soft electronic devices and systems is provided and perspectives on the key challenges and future directions of this field are presented.
References
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A Rubberlike Stretchable Active Matrix Using Elastic Conductors
TL;DR: It is found that the SWNT content can be increased up to 20 weight percent without reducing the mechanical flexibility or softness of the copolymer, and the elastic conductor allows for the construction of electronic integrated circuits, which can be mounted anywhere, including arbitrary curved surfaces and movable parts, such as the joints of a robot's arm.
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Eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn) : A Liquid Metal Alloy for the Formation of Stable Structures in Microchannels at Room Temperature
Michael D. Dickey,Ryan C. Chiechi,Ryan J. Larsen,Emily A. Weiss,David A. Weitz,George M. Whitesides +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the rheological behavior of the liquid metal eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) as it is injected into microfluidic channels to form stable microstructures of liquid metal.
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3D Printing of Free Standing Liquid Metal Microstructures
TL;DR: This paper describes a method to direct-write 3D liquid metal microcomponents at room temperature capable of printing wires, arrays of spheres, arches, and interconnects.