Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinity stress in soybean
26 Aug 2009-Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology (The Korean Society of Crop Science)-Vol. 12, Iss: 2, pp 63-68
TL;DR: It is revealed that MeJA counteracted the negative effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate, and proline content.
Abstract: We studied the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating NaCl-induced salt stress on soybean growth and development in hydroponics medium. Soybean seedlings were exposed to 60 mM NaCl stress for 2 weeks, 24 h after the application of 20 and 30 µM MeJA. NaCl stress induced a significant reduction in plant growth, endogenous bioactive gibberellin (GA4), photosynthesis and transpiration rate, while a marked increase in the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents were recorded. MeJA application greatly mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl on soybean growth and endogenous hormones. MeJA significantly increased ABA levels, while the endogenous amount of GA4 was reduced by the application of NaCl. Our study revealed that MeJA counteracted the negative effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate, and proline content.
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TL;DR: This review summarizes and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance, besides their engineering for conferring abiotics stress tolerance in transgenic crops, and describes the recent progress and future prospects.
Abstract: Abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, heat, cold, flooding, and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide. In recent times, preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance. However, the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities. Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance. Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones, including the classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins, and newer members including brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants. In this review, we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance, besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops. We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions. We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
624 citations
Cites background from "Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinit..."
...The exogenous application ofMeJA effectively reduced salinity stress symptoms in soybean seedlings [73]....
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TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes.
Abstract: Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
416 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: This chapter attempts to summarize differential responses of plants to salinity with special reference to growth, physiology and yield and discusses the progress made in using exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages in plants.
Abstract: Plants are frequently exposed to a plethora of unfavorable or even adverse environmental conditions, termed as abiotic stresses (such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation, etc.) and thus they pose serious threats to the sustainability of crop yield. Soil salinity, one of the most severe abiotic stresses, limits the production of about 6 % of the world’s total land and 20 % of irrigated land (17 % of total cultivated areas) and negatively affects crop production worldwide. On the other hand, increased salinity of agricultural land is expected to have destructive global effects, resulting in up to 50 % land loss by the next couple of decades. The adverse effects of salinity have been ascribed mainly to an increase in sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl–) ions and hence these ions produce the critical conditions for plant survival by intercepting different plant mechanisms. Both Na+ and Cl– produce many physiological disorders in plants but Cl– is the most dangerous. A plant’s response to salt stress depends on the genotype, developmental stage, as well as the intensity and duration of the stress. Increased salinity has diverse effects on the physiology of plants grown in saline conditions and in response to major factors like osmotic stress, ion-specificity, nutritional and hormonal imbalance, and oxidative damage. In addition to upper plant parts, salinity also affects root growth and physiology and their function in nutrient uptake. The outcome of these effects may cause the disorganization of cellular membranes, inhibit photosynthesis, generate toxic metabolites and decline nutrient absorption, ultimately leading to plant death. In recent decades, exogenous protectants such as osmoprotectants, phytohormones, signaling molecules, polyamines, antioxidants and various trace elements have been found effective in plants in mitigating the salt induced damages. These protectants showed the capacity to enhance the plants’ growth, yield as well as stress tolerance under salinity. In this chapter we attempt to summarize differential responses of plants to salinity with special reference to growth, physiology and yield. Further, we have discussed the progress made in using exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages in plants.
376 citations
Cites background from "Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinit..."
...JA also reduced the salt effects on seed carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, N, P and K. Yoon et al. ( 2009 ) observed that pretreatment with MeJA (20 and 30 m M) counteracted the negative effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, Chl content, leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate, and Pro…...
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17 Jul 2019
TL;DR: The underlying mechanisms of phytohormone-regulated osmolyte accumulation along with their various functions in plants under stress conditions are discussed.
Abstract: Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress, plants accumulate certain compatible solutes known as osmolytes to safeguard the cellular machinery. The most common osmolytes that play crucial role in osmoregulation are proline, glycine-betaine, polyamines, and sugars. These compounds stabilize the osmotic differences between surroundings of cell and the cytosol. Besides, they also protect the plant cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of harmful ROS like hydroxyl ions, superoxide ions, hydrogen peroxide, and other free radicals. The accumulation of osmolytes is further modulated by phytohormones like abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms regulating the phytohormone-mediated accumulation of osmolytes in plants during abiotic stresses. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of phytohormone-regulated osmolyte accumulation along with their various functions in plants under stress conditions.
376 citations
Cites background from "Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinit..."
...JA-induced improvement in proline contents has been reported in several studies such as drought stress [267], heavy-metal toxicity [268–272], salt stress [273], and UV-B radiation [274,275]....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that JA could effectively protect wheat seedlings from salt stress damage by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of antioxidative compounds to quench the excessive reactive oxygen species caused by salt stress and presented a practical implication for wheat cultivation in salt-affected soils.
308 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple colorimetric determination of proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material was presented.
Abstract: Proline, which increases proportionately faster than other amino acids in plants under water stress, has been suggested as an evaluating parameter for irrigation scheduling and for selecting drought-resistant varieties. The necessity to analyze numerous samples from multiple replications of field grown materials prompted the development of a simple, rapid colorimetric determination of proline. The method detected proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material.
15,328 citations
"Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinit..." refers methods in this paper
...Analysis of photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and Quantification of free proline content Quantification of free proline in soybean shoots was done according to Bates et al. (1973), using 0.1 g of dried shoot tissues....
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Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: A general survey of root-study methods can be found in this article, where the authors present a detailed analysis of the root-washing methods and their application in a variety of applications.
Abstract: 1 Root Ecology and Root Physiology- 2 General Survey of Root-Study Methods- 21 Historical Development- 22 Principles of Classification- 23 Selection of the Best Method- 3 Excavation Methods- 31 Introduction- 32 Outline of the Classical Method- 321 Selection of the Plant- 322 Digging the Trench- 323 Excavating the Root System- 324 Drawings and Photographs- 325 Preparation and Storage of Excavated Root Systems- 326 Review of Applications- 327 Advantages and Disadvantages- 33 Modifications of the Classical Method- 331 Excavations with Water Pressure- 332 Excavations with Air Pressure- 333 Excavations in a Horizontal Plane- 334 Sector Method- 4 Monolith Methods- 41 Introduction- 42 Simple Spade Methods- 43 The Common Monolith Method- 431 Square Monoliths- 432 Round Monoliths- 44 Box Methods- 45 Cage Methods- 46 Needleboard Methods- 461 General Survey- 462 Construction and Preparation of the Needleboards- 463 Excavating the Monoliths- 464 Washing Procedure- 465 Photographing and Sectioning- 466 Special Modifications- 467 Evaluation of the Methods- 5 Auger Methods- 51 Specific Features- 52 Sampling Techniques- 521 Techniques with Hand Augers- 5211 Sampling Procedure- 5212 Number or Replications- 5213 Special Technique for Studying Tree Roots- 522 Mechanized Techniques- 523 Core-Sampling Machines- 53 The Core-Break Method- 54 Advantages and Drawbacks- 6 Profile Wall Methods- 61 General Survey- 62 The Traditional Trench Profile Method- 621 Digging the Trench- 622 Preparing the Profile Wall- 623 Exposing the Roots- 624 Mapping and Counting Procedure- 6241 Determination of Root Number- 6242 Determination of Root Length- 63 The Foil Method- 64 Technique in a Horizontal Plane- 65 Evaluation and Applications- 7 Glass Wall Methods- 71 Introduction- 72 Glass-Faced Profile Walls- 73 Root Laboratories- 731 General Survey- 732 Features of Their Design- 733 Methods of Recording- 734 Light Sensitivity of Roots- 735 Recent Research in Root Laboratories- 74 Root Observations with Glass Tubes- 75 Evaluation of the Methods- 8 Indirect Methods- 81 Introduction- 82 Determination of Soil Water Content- 821 Gravimetric Method- 822 Neutron Method- 83 Staining Techniques- 84 Uptake of Non-Radioactive Tracers- 85 Radioactive Tracer Methods- 851 General Survey- 852 Soil Injection Technique- 853 Plant Injection Technique- 854 Root Studies with 14C- 855 Critical Evaluation- 9 Other Methods- 91 Measuring Root-Pulling Strength- 92 Measuring Root-Clump Weight- 93 Measuring Root Tensile Strength- 94 Root Measurements Using Soil Sections- 95 Root-Detecting Method- 96 Mesh Bag Method- 97 Root Replacement Method- 98 Root Investigations with Paper Chromatography- 99 Electrical Methods- 910 Determination of Growth Rings in Tree Roots- 911 Investigations of Root Hairs- 912 Determination of Root Nodules- 913 Determination of Mycorrhizae- 10 Container Methods- 101 General Features- 102 Rooting Volume and Container Size- 103 Types of Containers- 1031 Small Pots- 1032 Boxes and Tubes- 1033 Glass-Faced Containers- 1034 Flexible Tubes- 104 Rooting Media- 105 Filling the Containers- 106 Seed Technique- 107 Irrigation Problems- 108 Special Washing Procedures- 109 Modified Container Methods- 1091 Cage Method- 1092 Needleboard Method- 1093 Root Training by Plastic Tubes- 1094 Split-Root Technique- 1095 Undisturbed Soil Monoliths- 1010 Root Studies in Nutrient Solutions- 1011 Root Studies in Mist Chambers- 1012 Comparability of Results from Container Experiments with Field Data- 11 Techniques of Root Washing- 111 Dry Sieving- 112 Storing Soil-Root Samples Before Washing- 113 Chemicals for Facilitating Root Washing- 114 Washing Roots by Hand- 115 Flotation Method- 116 Root-Washing Machines- 117 Nutrient Losses from Roots During Washing- 118 Cleaning Roots from Debris- 119 Storing Roots After Washing- 12 Root Parameters and Their Measurement- 121 General Aspects- 122 Root Number- 123 Root Weight- 1231 Determination of Fresh Weight- 1232 Determination of Dry Weight- 1233 Advantages and Critical Objections- 124 Root Surface- 1241 Calculation from Other Parameters- 1242 Photoelectric Measurements- 1243 Adsorption Methods- 125 Root Volume- 1251 Calculation from Other Parameters- 1252 Displacement Technique- 126 Root Diameter- 1261 Measurements- 1262 Applications in Tree Root Studies- 127 Root Length- 1271 Direct Measurements- 1272 Intersection Methods- 1273 Root-Counting Machines- 1274 Reasons for Increasing Use of Root Length Measurements- 128 Root Tips- 1281 Technique of Counting- 1282 Root Coefficients- 129 Shoot-Root Relations- 13 Some Future Aspects for the Use of Ecological Root-Study Methods- References
1,629 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that soil salinity has not yet become a sufficient agricultural problem, other than on a local scale, to make salt resistance a high priority objective for plant breeders, and that enhancing the salt resistance of at least some crops will be necessary.
Abstract: Soil salinity is widely reported to be a major agricultural problem, particularly in irrigated agriculture, and research on salinity in plants has produced a vast literature. However, there are only a handful of instances where cultivars have been developed which are resistant to saline soils. Reasons for the lack of success in developing salt-resistant genotypes, and for the low impact that plant physiological research has made, are explored. We conclude that soil salinity has not yet become a sufficient agricultural problem, other than on a local scale, to make salt resistance a high priority objective for plant breeders. The limited success of simple selection, where this has been practised in breeding programs, can be accounted for by the fact that research has consistently shown salt resistance is a complex character controlled by a number of genes or groups of genes and involves a number of component traits which are likely to be quantitative in nature. We also conclude that the results of physiological research have been poorly marketed by physiologists and, understandably, have failed to impress plant breeders. We anticipate that the importance of salinity as a breeding objective will increase in the future. Our assessment of reports of the degradation of irrigation systems, together with projections of the future demands of irrigated agriculture, is that enhancing the salt resistance of at least some crops will be necessary. Salinity resistance will both help provide stability of yield in subsistence agriculture and, through moderating inputs, help limit salinisation in irrigation systems with inadequate drainage. It is emphasised that plant improvement and drainage engineering should be seen as partners and not alternatives. We conclude with a personal view of one way forward for developing salt-resistant genotypes, through the pyramiding of physiological characters.
1,019 citations
TL;DR: Genetic science offers the possibility of developing salt-tolerant crops, which, in conjunction with environmental manipulation, could improve agricultural production in saline regions and extend agriculture to previously unsuited regions.
Abstract: Increasing salinity of soil and water threatens agriculture in arid and semiarid regions. By itself, the traditional engineering approach to the problem is no longer adequate. Genetic science offers the possibility of developing salt-tolerant crops, which, in conjunction with environmental manipulation, could improve agricultural production in saline regions and extend agriculture to previously unsuited regions.
656 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that inducing plants with jasmonic acid increases parasitism of caterpillar pests in an agricultural field twofold, and elicitors of plant resistance may become useful in agriculture.
Abstract: In many plants, defence systems against herbivores are induced through the octadecanoid pathway1,2, which may also be involved in recruiting natural enemies of herbivores3 This pathway can beinduced by treating plants with jasmonic acid4 or by natural herbivory, and increases resistance against herbivorous insects intomato plants5, in part by causing production of toxic and antinutritive proteinase inhibitors and oxidative enzymes6,7,8 Herbivore-infested tomato plants release increased amounts of volatiles9 and attract natural enemies of the herbivores10, as do other plants11,12,13,14,15 The octadecanoid pathway may regulate production of these volatiles, which attract host-seeking parasitic wasps16,17 However, plant resistance compounds can adversely affect parasitoids as well as herbivores18 It is unclear whether the combination of increased retention and/or attractiveness of parasitic wasps to induced plants and the adverse effects of plant defence compounds on both caterpillars and parasitoids results in a net increase in parasitization of herbivores feeding on induced plantsHere I show that inducing plants with jasmonic acid increases parasitism of caterpillar pests in an agricultural field twofold Thus, elicitors of plant resistance may become useful in agriculture
540 citations